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Vol. 146. Issue 12.
Pages 532-535 (June 2016)
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Vol. 146. Issue 12.
Pages 532-535 (June 2016)
Brief report
Role of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculosis
Utilidad de la punción aspirativa transbronquial guiada con ultrasonografía endobronquial en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis mediastínica
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Roberto Chalelaa,b,c,
Corresponding author
, Albert Sánchez-Fonta,b, Marisol Domínguez-Álvareza,b, Diana Badenes-Bonetb, Lara Pijuanb,d, Víctor Curulla,b
a Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
b Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
c Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
d Servei d’Anatomia Patològica, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Patients’ characteristics.
Table 2. Adenopathy characteristics.
Table 3. Differences depending on the origin of the population studied.
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Abstract
Introduction

Mediastinal tuberculosis (TB) is rare and a diagnostic challenge. Transbronchial needle aspiration guided by endoscopic ultrasonography (EBUS-TBNA) is an essential tool for staging and diagnosing patients with lung cancer but to date there are no studies in our environment evaluating its efficacy in mediastinal TB.

Methods

Patients with a final diagnosis of isolated intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis over a 6-year period were included. We analysed the cases on whom EBUS-TBNA was performed.

Results

Forty-six patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy without pulmonary involvement were identified and 29 underwent EBUS-TBNA. In 28 of 29 patients (96.6%) EBUS-TBNA was diagnostic and cytological findings confirmed granulomas in 93% of cases. Microbiological investigation revealed positive TB culture in 14 (48.2%) and positive PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 30% of cases on whom it was carried out. Eighty-four per cent of the patients were immigrants and when compared with the native population we found statistical differences in immune status and culture yield.

Conclusion

EBUS-TBNA is a safe and effective technique in the diagnosis of patients with suspected mediastinal TB.

Keywords:
Intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis
Endobronchial ultrasound
EBUS-TBNA
Resumen
Introducción

La tuberculosis (TBC) ganglionar mediastínica es rara y su presentación intratorácica es un reto diagnóstico. La punción aspirativa transbronquial guiada por ultrasonografía endobronquial (PATb-USEB) podría ser útil para su diagnóstico, pero no disponemos de estudios que evalúen su eficacia en nuestro medio.

Métodos

Se analizaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes con TBC ganglionar mediastínica aislada diagnosticados entre 2008 y 2014. Se identificaron los pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo a quienes se les realizó PATb-USEB.

Resultados

Se identificaron 29 casos, siendo la PATb-USEB diagnóstica en 28 pacientes (96,6%). Los hallazgos citológicos confirmaron granulomas en el 93% de los casos. El cultivo fue positivo en 14 (48,2%) y la PCR para Mycobacterium tuberculosis, en el 30% de los casos en los que se realizó. El 84% de los pacientes eran inmigrantes y al compararlos con la población nativa se encontraron diferencias significativas en el estado inmunológico y el rendimiento del cultivo. No se registraron complicaciones derivadas del procedimiento.

Conclusión

La PATb-USEB es una técnica de primera línea, efectiva y segura en el diagnóstico de pacientes con sospecha de TBC mediastínica.

Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis ganglionar mediastínica
Ecobroncoscopia
PATb-USEB

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