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Vol. 151. Issue 9.
Pages 339-344 (November 2018)
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Vol. 151. Issue 9.
Pages 339-344 (November 2018)
Original article
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor priming chemotherapy is more effective than standard chemotherapy as salvage therapy in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia
La adición de factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos a la quimioterapia de rescate es más efectiva que la quimioterapia de rescate en el tratamiento de la recidiva de la leucemia mieloide aguda
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Ying Shena, Aili Hea,b, Fangxia Wanga, Ju Baia, Jianli Wanga, Wanhong Zhaoa, Wanggang Zhanga, Xingmei Caoa, Yinxia Chena, Jie Liua, Xiaorong Maa, Hongli Chena, Yuandong Fenga, Yun Yanga,
Corresponding author
yangyun108@163.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
b National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, 710004 Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Figures (2)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Demographic and baseline characteristics.
Table 2. Response of two types of chemotherapy.
Table 3. Effects of FAB classification and risk status on the response rate in all patients.
Table 4. Prognostic factors for survival identified by Cox regression analysis.
Table 5. Adverse events during induction (NCI grade 3&4).
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Abstract
Introduction and objective

To improve the complete remission (CR) rate of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and alleviate the severe side effects of double induction chemotherapy, we combined a standard regimen with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) priming chemotherapy to compose a new double induction regimen for AML patients who failed to achieve CR after the first course.

Patients and methods

Ninety-seven patients with AML who did not achieve CR after the first course of standard chemotherapy were enrolled. Among them, 45 patients received G-CSF priming combined with low-dose chemotherapy during days 20–22 of the first course of chemotherapy, serving as priming group, 52 patients were administered standard chemotherapy again, serving as control group.

Results

Between the two groups there were no differences in the French–American–British (FAB) classification, risk status, the first course of chemotherapy, blood cell count or blasts percentage of bone marrow before the second course. But the CR rate was significantly higher and the adverse effect was much lower in the priming group than the control group. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that WBC level before the second course and the selection of the second chemotherapy regimen were two independent factors for long survival of patients.

Discussion

These results elucidate that standard chemotherapy followed by G-CSF priming new double induction chemotherapy is an effective method for AML patients to improve CR rate and reduce adverse effects.

Keywords:
Double induction chemotherapy
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming
Acute myeloid leukemia
Complete remission
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

Para mejorar la tasa de respuesta completa (RC) en los pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA), y aliviar los efectos secundarios graves de la quimioterapia de doble inducción, combinamos un régimen estándar de quimioterapia de cebado de factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos (G-CSF) para componer un nuevo régimen de doble inducción para los pacientes de LMA que no pudieron lograr la RC tras la administración del primer curso.

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyó a 95 pacientes de LMA que no lograron la RC tras el primer curso de quimioterapia estándar. Entre ellos, a 45 pacientes se les administró cebado de G-CSF junto con baja dosis de quimioterapia durante los días 20 a 22 del primer curso, formando el grupo de cebado, y a 52 pacientes se les administró quimioterapia estándar de nuevo, y constituyeron el grupo control.

Resultados

No se produjeron diferencias entre los 2 grupos conforme a la clasificación French-American-British (FAB), estatus del riesgo, primer curso de quimioterapia, recuento de hematocritos o porcentaje de blastos de la médula ósea con anterioridad al inicio del segundo curso. Pero la tasa de RC fue significativamente superior, y los efectos adversos fueron inferiores, en el grupo de cebado con respecto al grupo control. El análisis de regresión multivariante de Cox reflejó que el nivel leucocitario antes del segundo curso, y la selección del segundo régimen de quimioterapia fueron 2 factores independientes de la supervivencia larga de los pacientes.

Discusión

Estos resultados esclarecen que la quimioterapia estándar seguida de quimioterapia de inducción doble de cebado de G-CSF constituye un método efectivo para mejorar la tasa de RC y reducir los efectos adversos en los pacientes de LMA.

Palabras clave:
Quimioterapia de doble inducción
Cebado de factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos
Leucemia mieloide aguda
Remisión completa

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