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Journal Information
Vol. 35. Issue 3.
Pages 110-118 (July - September 2018)
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Vol. 35. Issue 3.
Pages 110-118 (July - September 2018)
Original article
Lupus nephritis with preserved kidney function associated with poorer cardiovascular risk control: A call for more awareness
Nefropatía lúpica con función renal conservada, asociada a un peor control del riesgo cardiovascular: llamada de atención y concienciación
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J.A. Todolí-Parraa, Y. Tung-Chenb,
Corresponding author
yale.tung@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, L. Micóa, J. Gutiérrezc, J. Hernández-Jarasd, J.L. Ruiz-Cerdae
a Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
c Department of Internal Medicine, University of Santa Bárbara, Soria, Spain
d Department of Nephrology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
e Department of Urology, University and Polytechnic Hospital of La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Tables (7)
Table 1. Therapeutic groups taken by patients in our cohort according to the presence or absence of lupus nephritis.
Table 2. Cardiovascular risk factors and therapeutic targets in all patients (n=130).
Table 3. All patients (n=130) stratified by age group.
Table 4. All patients (n=130) stratified by time of lupus evolution.
Table 5. Qualitative variables of cardiovascular risk factors in patients according to the presence or absence of lupus nephritis.
Table 6. Quantitative variables of cardiovascular risk factors in patients according to the presence or absence of lupus nephritis.
Table 7. Comparison of groups stratified by age according to the presence or absence of lupus nephritis (LN).
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Abstract
Background

Despite the improvement in the prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN), the cardiovascular morbimortality remains high. The early recognition and remission of flares, while trying to avoid the metabolic adverse effects of medication, must be mandatory.

Aim

The aim of our study was to assess the cardiovascular (CV) risk profile in a cohort of lupus patients with preserved kidney function after a nephritis episode, compared to patients without a nephritis flare.

Methods

130 patients diagnosed of SLE (32 with previous nephritis flare and 98 without) were studied in order to evaluate the CV risk profile, despite the preserved kidney function.

Results

The most prevalent risk factors were sedentary lifestyle (57.6%), overweight/obesity (38.3%) and dyslipidemia (36%), followed by smoking (32%) and hypertension (16%). Though more than a half (53.1%) was taking CV medication, a high percentage did not reach a therapeutic target value, especially regarding obesity (11.5%) and cholesterol levels (LDL-C of 16%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia (53.1% vs 30.6%), smoking (46.6% vs 27.5%), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (21.4% vs 6.4%) and lower HDL-C (48.6mg/dL vs 55.4mg/dL) were significantly different in the group with previous nephritis flare. Moreover, young patients with lupus nephritis, received more pulses of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, had higher prevalence of hypertension, LVH, higher proteinuria, hospital admissions and waist circumference, constituting the subgroup of patients with greater aggregation of CV risk factors.

Conclusions

Patients with previous nephritis flare showed a poor control of CV risk factors despite the preserved renal function, these patients would require a closer therapeutic management.

Keywords:
Lupus nephritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cardiovascular disease
Resumen
Antecedentes

A pesar de la mejora en el pronóstico de la nefropatía lúpica (NL), la morbimortalidad cardiovascular sigue siendo elevada. El reconocimiento precoz y la remisión de los brotes, a la vez que los intentos de evitar los efectos metabólicos adversos de la medicación, deben ser de obligado cumplimiento.

Objetivo

El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue valorar el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en una cohorte de pacientes de lupus, con función renal conservada tras un episodio nefrítico, en comparación con los pacientes sin brote nefrítico.

Métodos

Se estudiaron 130 pacientes diagnosticados de LES (32 con brote nefrítico previo y 98 sin brote), a fin de evaluar el perfil del RCV, a pesar de la función renal conservada.

Resultados

Los factores de riesgo con mayor prevalencia fueron el estilo de vida sedentario (57,6%), el sobrepeso/obesidad (38,3%) y la dislipidemia (36%), seguidos del tabaquismo (32%) y la hipertensión (16%). Aunque más de la mitad de los pacientes (53,1%) recibían medicación CV, un elevado porcentaje de ellos no alcanzaba un valor diana terapéutico, especialmente en lo concerniente a obesidad (11,5%) y niveles de colesterol (LDL-C del 16%). La prevalencia de dislipidemia (53,1 vs. 30,6%), tabaquismo (46,6 vs. 27,5%), hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) (21,4 vs. 6,4%) y bajo HDL-C (48,6 vs. 55,4mg/dl) fue significativamente diferente en el grupo con brote nefrítico previo. Además, los pacientes jóvenes con nefropatía lúpica recibieron más pulsos de corticosteroides y ciclofosfamida, tuvieron mayores valores de prevalencia hipertensión, HVI, proteinuria, ingresos hospitalarios y perímetro de cintura, constituyendo el subgrupo de pacientes con mayor acumulación de factores de RCV.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con brotes nefríticos previos reflejaron un peor control de los factores de RCV a pesar de la función renal conservada, por lo que estos pacientes requerirían una gestión terapéutica más cercana.

Palabras clave:
Nefropatía lúpica
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Enfermedad cardiovascular

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