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Clinical experience of optimising thiopurine use through metabolite measurement in inflammatory bowel disease
Experiencia en práctica clínica de optimización de tiopurinas mediante determinación de sus metabolitos en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
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Eugenia Sánchez Rodríguez, Raquel Ríos León, Francisco Mesonero Gismero, Agustín Albillos, Antonio Lopez-Sanroman
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mibuzon@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Received 18 April 2018. Accepted 24 June 2018
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Table 1. Interpretation of metabolite levels (measured in pmol/8×108 erythrocytes) and recommended approach.
Table 2. Metabolite levels. Mean, standard deviation and range of values of 6-thioguanine (6-TGN), 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) measured in pmol/8×108 erythrocytes.
Table 3. Interpretation of metabolite levels.
Table 4. Parameters assessed.
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Abstract
Introduction

Thiopurine therapy can be optimised by determining the concentration of the drug's metabolites.

Patients and methods

Retrospective analysis on a prospective database of 31 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who failed therapy with thiopurines. Thiopurine metabolites (6-thioguanine, 6-TGN and 6-methylmercaptopurine, 6-MMP) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Laboratorios Cerba, Barcelona) and treatment was duly adjusted in accordance with the results. Clinical response was reassessed after six months.

Result

Despite the appropriate theoretical dose of thiopurines being administered, the dose was insufficient in 45.6% of patients (nonadherence to treatment suspected in 6.45%) and 16.2% received an excessive dose or the drug was metabolised by other metabolic pathways. After treatment was optimised based on metabolite levels, only 25.8% (8/31) were prescribed a biological agent, while 74.2% of cases (23/31) were managed through dose optimisation alone.

Discussion

Monitoring thiopurine metabolite levels may help clinicians to assess non-responsive patients before adding or switching to another drug (generally a biological agent), thereby avoiding any additional costs or potential toxicity. This strategy may also help to identify patients receiving an insufficient dose and those with an alternative metabolic pathway, who could be candidates for low-dose AZA with allopurinol, as well as patients who are suspected of being non-adherent. In three out of four patients, switching to a biological agent can be avoided.

Keywords:
Inflammatory bowel disease
Thiopurines
Thiopurine metabolites
Resumen
Introducción

El tratamiento con tiopurinas puede optimizarse determinando la concentración de sus metabolitos.

Pacientes y métodos

Análisis retrospectivo sobre una base de datos prospectiva, con inclusión de 31 pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en tratamiento con tiopurinas, que presentaban respuesta insuficiente. Se determinaron los metabolitos de tiopurinas en plasma (6-tioguanina, 6-TGN y 6-metilmercaptopurina, 6-MMP) por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (Laboratorios Cerba, Barcelona) ajustando el tratamiento de acuerdo a resultados. Tras 6 meses se reevaluó la respuesta clínica.

Resultado

A pesar de la dosis adecuada teórica de tiopurinas un 45,6% de los pacientes estaba infradosificado (sospechándose falta de adhesión al tratamiento en un 6,45% del total) y un 16,2% sobredosificado o metabolizaba por ruta metabólica alternativa. Tras ajustar a partir de niveles de metabolitos, solo el 25,8% (8/31) requirió biológico, mientras que el 74,2% de los casos (23/31) se manejó mediante optimización.

Discusión

La monitorización del tratamiento con tiopurinas mediante determinación de sus metabolitos puede ser utilizada para valorar pacientes no respondedores, antes de sustituir o complementar dichos fármacos con otros alternativos (biológicos, por lo general), con los consiguientes aumentos de toxicidad potencial y coste. Se puede rescatar a pacientes infradosificados, identificar aquellos que presentan una desviación en la ruta metabólica en los que se podría plantear una terapia con dosis bajas de AZA asociada a alopurinol, o aquellos en los que los datos sugieran falta de adhesión al tratamiento. En 3 de cada 4 pacientes puede evitarse la escalada a biológico.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Tiopurinas
Metabolitos de tiopurinas

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