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Vol. 15. Issue 1.
Pages 3-10 (January 2004)
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Vol. 15. Issue 1.
Pages 3-10 (January 2004)
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Repercusión sobre parámetros respiratorios y hemodinámicos con un sistema cerrado de aspiración de secreciones
Repercussion on respiratory and hemodynamic parameters with a closed system of aspiration of secretion
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Daniel Valderas Castilla1,1
Corresponding author
msimon.hcsc@salud.madrid.org

Correspondencia: Daniel Valderas Castilla Unidad de Críticos I Hospital Clínico de San Carlos Avda. Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n 28040 Madrid. España
, Cristina Bravo Páramo1, Juan Ignacio Torres González1, Amparo Corniero Pico1, Raquel Ambit Lemus1, Elena López Almorox1, María Jesús Simón García2, Antonio Luis Blesa Malpica3
1 Enfermeros. Unidad de Críticos I. Hospital Clínico de San Carlos. Madrid.
2 Supervisora. Unidad de Críticos I. Hospital Clínico de San Carlos. Madrid.
3 Médico Adjunto. Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Clínico de San Carlos. Madrid. España.
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Resumen

La aspiración de secreciones bronquiales es una técnica habitual que puede repercutir en los parámetros hemodinámicos y respiratorios del paciente. Nuestro objetivo, ha sido valorar si existen cambios en dichos parámetros, en función de 2 sistemas distintos de aspiración: cerrado (SC) o abierto (SA); y secundariamente, comparar los tiempos empleados en el proceso.

Se realizó un ensayo clínico con el método de entrecruzamiento, en el cual, al mismo paciente se le realizaron aspiraciones con los 2 sistemas. Se aleatorizó el sistema de inicio; tras un período de lavado de 3 h, se instauro el sistema alternativo. Registramos variables ventilatorias, gasométricas (basales y a los 5 min de finalizada la técnica) y hemodinámicas (basales, durante el procedimiento y a los 5 min). Se registró el tiempo empleado en cada procedimiento. La aspiración se realizó siempre con preoxigenación al 100%, durante 1 min. Para el estudio, se seleccionaron 26 pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica en el modo asistida/controlada, y se estudiaron 52 aspiraciones. Analizamos los datos mediante la t de Student para muestras pareadas y Anova.

En las comparaciones entre las distintas determinaciones, no hubo diferencias para las variables hemodinámicas y gasométricas. En las ventilatorias, sólo encontramos un aumento significativo en la frecuencia respiratoria posterior del SA, con respecto a la basal del mismo sistema (p = 0,016). El tiempo empleado en la técnica fue mayor para el SA (p < 0,001).

De los resultados se desprende que: a) la técnica de aspiración no produce alteraciones clínicamente relevantes en los parámetros estudiados; b) no existen diferencias entre los 2 sistemas de aspiración, y c) es más rápida la técnica con el SC.

Palabras Clave:
Aspiración de secreciones
Sistema abierto
Sistema cerrado
Ventilación mecánica
Preoxigenación
Summary

Aspiration of bronchial secretions is a usual technique that may have an affect on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters of the patient. Our objects has been to assess if there are changes in these parameters based on two different aspiration systems: closed (CS) or open (OS) and to also compare the times used in the process.

A clinical trial was performed using the crossing over method in which aspirations were performed to the same patient with the two systems. The onset system was randomized and, after a wash-out period of 3 hours, an alternative system was established. We recorded ventilatory, gasometric (baseline and at five minutes of finishing the technique) and hemodynamic (baseline, during the procedure and at five minutes) variables. The time used in each procedure was recorded. The aspiration was always performed with preoxygenation at 100% during one minute. A total of 26 patients subjected to mechanical ventilation in the assisted/controlled way entered the study and 52 aspirations were studied. We analyzed the data with the Student’s t test for paired samples and ANOVA.

There were no differences in the comparisons between the different determinations for the hemodynamic and gasometric variables. In the ventilatory ones, we only found a significant increase in the respiratory frequency posterior to the OS in regards to the baseline of the same system (p = 0.016). The time used in the technique was greater for the OS (p < 0.001).

It can be concluded from the results that: 1. The aspiration technique does not produce clinically important alterations in the parameters studied. 2. There are no differences between the two aspiration systems. 3. The technique with CS is faster.

Key Words:
Secretion suctioning
Open system
Closed system
Mechanical ventilation
Hyperoxygenation
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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L. y Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva
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