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Vol. 50. Issue 2.
Pages 76-80 (February 2003)
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Vol. 50. Issue 2.
Pages 76-80 (February 2003)
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Carcinoma papilar en el seno de un quiste tirogloso
Papillary Carcinoma Within A Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
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R. Barriga Sánchez
Corresponding author
rbs64@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dra. R. Barriga Sánchez. Cruz del Sur, 30, Bloque C, 6.° G. 28007 Madrid. España.
, E. Martín Pérez, E. Larrañaga Barrera, V. Escorial Hernández
Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Madrid. España
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El quiste del conducto tirogloso es la enfermedad congénita cervical más frecuente (7% de la población general); son generalmente benignos, pero en un 1% de los casos pueden aparecer cambios neoplásicos, sobre todo en personas mayores de 40 años. El carcinoma papilar es el diagnóstico histopatológico más frecuente y se presenta habitualmente como una masa asintomática en la línea media del cuello. La punción-aspiración con aguja fina es el test más efectivo para su detección, con un porcentaje diagnóstico del 75%. Las técnicas de imagen, generalmente, no son útiles para el diagnóstico de cambios neoplásicos de forma preoperatoria, pero algunos hallazgos en la TC permiten sospechar malignidad. La resección del quiste y del conducto tirogloso (técnica de Sistrunk) junto con la tiroidectomía total y la linfadenectomía cervical es el tratamiento recomendado. Este tratamiento radical facilita la ablación con yodo radiactivo y el seguimiento posquirúrgico mediante la medida de la tiroglobulina sérica.

Todos los pacientes deben recibir tratamiento con L-T4 a dosis supresoras de la hormona tirotropa (TSH). Se presentan 4 casos de carcinoma papilar, que apareció en el seno de un quiste tirogloso, y una revisión de la bibliografía acerca del diagnóstico y los aspectos terapéuticos de esta enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma papilar
Quiste tirogloso
PAAF
Técnica de Sistrunk
Tiroidectomía total
Linfadenectomía cervical

Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital cervical abnormality, affecting 7% of the population. Most of these cysts are benign, but 1% may undergo neoplastic change, usually in individuals aged more than 40 years old. Papillary carcinoma is the most frequent histopathological diagnosis and usually presents as an asymptomatic mass in the midline of the neck.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the most effective diagnostic test with a diagnostic rate of 75%. Diagnostic imaging techniques are usually unable to diagnose malignant disease preoperatively, although some computed tomography findings may lead to suspicion of malignancy. Resection of the cyst and of the entire thyroglossal tract (Sistrunk procedure) together with total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection is recommended. This radical therapeutic approach facilitates subsequent ablation with radioactive iodine and postsurgical follow-up with serum thyroglobulin measurement. All patients should receive suppressive doses of thyroid hormone.

We present four cases of papillary carcinoma occurring in a thyroglossal duct cyst and provide a review of the literature on the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this entity.

Key words:
Papillary carcinoma
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Sistrunk procedure
Total thyroidectomy
Cervical lymphadenectomy
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Biblografía
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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