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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 194-199 (October 2005)
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 194-199 (October 2005)
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Incidencia de adenocarcinoma de endometrio en la pieza de histerectomía tras diagnóstico de hiperplasia endometrial atípica
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S. de Miguel, J.S. Jiménez-López, J.L. Muñoz, M.L. Aznárez, M.C. Pérez-Sagaseta, C. Álvarez, P. de la Fuente
Unidad de Patología Endometrial. Departamento de Ginecología. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
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Resumen

La hiperplasia endometrial atípica es un aumento del espesor endometrial con riesgo de progresión a carcinoma de endometrio. Así, el riesgo de progresión a adenocarcinoma endometrial para la hiperplasia compleja atípica (HCA), según diversos autores, varía entre el 29 y el 100%.

Es muy importante realizar un diagnóstico diferencial entre la HCA y el carcinoma de endometrio bien diferenciado, pues tras un diagnóstico de HCA por biopsia o legrado, se ha encontrado una incidencia del 15-43% de adenocarcinoma endometrial en la pieza de histerectomía.

Objetivos

Analizar la coexistencia de HCA y adenocarcinoma de endometrio en la pieza quirúrgica de histerectomía, y evaluar la conducta actual ante la HCA.

Material y método

Estudio retrospectivo de 15 HCA obtenidas tras una biopsia endometrial durante una histeroscopia, sometidas a histerectomía con doble anexectomía y lavado peritoneal, desde mayo de 2001 a marzo de 2004.

Resultados

Se obtuvieron 8 casos (53%), que mantuvieron el diagnóstico prequirúrgico de hiperplasia compleja atípica. En las otras 7 piezas quirúrgicas (47%) se observó la existencia de un adenocarcinoma endometrioide de grado I de diferenciación, en estadio I de la FIGO. En 3 de los 7 casos con adenocarcinoma (el 20% del total de HCA operadas) se comprobó la infiltración miometrial en menos del 50% de su espesor (estadio IB de la FIGO). No hubo invasión miometrial en los otros 4 adenocarcinomas (estadio IA de la FIGO).

Conclusiones

Ante estos resultados, se deberían proponer estrategias encaminadas a resolver los casos de infraestadificación, con un estudio de extensión tras el diagnóstico de HCA similar al realizado en el carcinoma de endometrio, y a evitar tratamientos incompletos, con biopsia intraoperatoria de la pieza de histerectomía para realizar la linfadenectomía pelviana en el mismo acto quirúrgico si se confirmara la invasion miometrial.

Abstract

Atypical complex hyperplasia (ACH) is an increase of the endometrial thickness with a risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma. The risk of progression of the ACH to endometrial carcinoma varies from 29-100%, depending on the author.

It is very important to make a differential diagnosis between ACH and well differentiated endometrial carcinoma, as following biopsy or curettage an incidence of 15-43% endometrial carcinoma has been found in the hysterectomy specimen.

Objectives

To analyze the coexistence of ACH and endometrial adenocarcinoma in the hysterectomy specimen, and to assess current practise when faced with ACH.

Material and method

A retrospective study of 15 patients with ACH, from May 2001 until March 2004. Endometrial biopsy was taken during hysteroscopy, and they had hysterectomy with double adnexectomy and peritoneal washing.

Results

Eight cases (53%) maintained the preoperative diagnosis of ACH.

The other 7 hysterectomy specimens had well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma, FIGO grade I. Of these 7 cases of adenocarcinoma (20% of the total operations), 3 were confirmed as having myometrial invasion in less than 50% of its thickness (FIGO grade Ib) No invasion was found in the other 4 adenocarcinomas (FIGO grade Ia).

Conclusions

These results should highlight the need for strategies to resolve the cases of under staging, with an extension study following diagnosis of ACH, similar to that used in endometrial carcinoma to avoid incomplete treatments. Intra-operative biopsy of the hysterectomy specimen would allow pelvic lymph node dissection to be carried out at the same time if myometrial invasion was confirmed.

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Copyright © 2005. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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