was read the article
array:24 [ "pii" => "S217357942030075X" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2020.02.016" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1663" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:271-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0365669120301015" "issn" => "03656691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2020.02.016" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1663" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:271-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artículo original</span>" "titulo" => "Evaluación de los cambios en la mácula y en el nervio óptico mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "271" "paginaFinal" => "278" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of changes in the macula and optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1930 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 803413 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Medida de la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina (CFNR) en un paciente con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en tratamiento con metilfenidato (izquierda) y en un paciente sin tratamiento (derecha). En este caso, se puede apreciar un menor grosor de la CFNR en el paciente sin tratamiento.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "I. Sánchez-Guillén, I. Almorín-Fernández-Vigo, J.I. Fernández-Vigo, L. de-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño, B. Kudsieh, J.A. Fernández-Vigo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Guillén" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Almorín-Fernández-Vigo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.I." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vigo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "de-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Kudsieh" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vigo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S217357942030075X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2020.02.016" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217357942030075X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669120301015?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03656691/0000009500000006/v2_202108170625/S0365669120301015/v2_202108170625/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173579420300761" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2020.03.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1676" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:279-83" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Short communication</span>" "titulo" => "Juxtapapillary neovascular membrane associated with optic nerve drusen" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "279" "paginaFinal" => "283" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Membrana neovascular yuxtapapilar asociada a drusas del nervio óptico" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2155 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 398259 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic images. (A) RE color retinography. (B) LE color retinography showing juxtapapillary vascular choroidal membrane. (C) RE echography. (D) LE echography with low gain, showing dotted reflectiveness at the optic nerve level together with peak in A mode. (E) Optic disc and fiber layer OCT. F. LE autofluorescent retinography.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C.M. Ortega, M. Daroni, M. Maggi, D.E. Pratto, J.I. Irungaray, R.F. Weskamp" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C.M." "apellidos" => "Ortega" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Daroni" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Maggi" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.E." "apellidos" => "Pratto" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.I." "apellidos" => "Irungaray" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R.F." "apellidos" => "Weskamp" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669120301155" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2020.03.017" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669120301155?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579420300761?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009500000006/v1_202006140809/S2173579420300761/v1_202006140809/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173579420300700" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2020.03.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1679" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:263-70" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Effectiveness of treat-and-extend versus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pro re nata</span> regimens in the treatment of Neovascular Age Macular Degeneration: A Real World Comparison" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "263" "paginaFinal" => "270" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Efectividad de los regímenes tratar y extender vs. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pro re nata</span> para el tratamiento de degeneración macular neovascular vinculada a la edad: una comparación en un entorno real" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1626 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 193131 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Graph showing the median change in CFT from baseline to the end of follow-up in PRN and T&E group. CFT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>central foveal thickness; PRN<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pro re nata; T&E<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>treat-and-extend.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Meira, J. Carneiro, C. Madeira, M. Falcão, J. Beato, S. Correia, F. Falcão-Reis, Â. Carneiro" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Meira" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Carneiro" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Madeira" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Falcão" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Beato" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Correia" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Falcão-Reis" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Â." "apellidos" => "Carneiro" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669120301180" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2020.03.020" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669120301180?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579420300700?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009500000006/v1_202006140809/S2173579420300700/v1_202006140809/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Assessment of changes in the macula and optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "271" "paginaFinal" => "278" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "I. Sánchez-Guillén, I. Almorín-Fernández-Vigo, J.I. Fernández-Vigo, L. de-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño, B. Kudsieh, J.A. Fernández-Vigo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Guillén" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "inessanchezguillen@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Almorín-Fernández-Vigo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.I." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vigo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "de-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Kudsieh" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Vigo" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Badajoz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de Zafra, Zafra, Badajoz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evaluación de los cambios en la mácula y en el nervio óptico mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1882 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 664039 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thickness of the macula and the ganglion cell complex in a control subject (left) and in a patient with ADHD (right). This example shows diminished macular central thickness in the patient with ADHD.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inadequate levels of persistent lack of attention or hyperactivity before the age of 12.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is the most common neurological disorder in childhood, with prevalence ranging between 2 and 18%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> and expressing between 2 and 9 times more frequently in males.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Current treatment is based on behavioral therapy together with methylphenidate and other amphetamines. These drugs block the recapture of noradrenaline and dopamine in the pre-synaptic neuron which gives rise to an increase of said monoamines in the extraneuronal space, thus increasing the inhibitory capacity of the prefrontal cortex and improving control of hyperactive and impulsive symptoms.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Children with ADHD exhibit deficiencies in executive motor control, inhibitory skills<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and generally in motor response.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Numerous functional alterations have been described by means of neuroimaging such as varying degrees of maturity of frontostriatal circuits in patients with ADHD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> as well as morphological alterations such as different sizes of the thalamus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and cerebellum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and developmental delay at the cortical level in said patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During embryonary development, the retina and the optic nerve develop from the diencephalon and therefore can be considered as a part of the central nervous system. At present, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most useful tools in ophthalmology for assessing the condition of the optic nerves and the retina nerve fiber layer. In recent years, the development of OCT has facilitated the identification of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Parkinson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> or multiple sclerosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> as well as an inverse correlation between the thickness of the retina and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and neurodegeneration, cognitive deterioration and the severity of the disease. In addition, in some psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and bipolar disorder<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> an inverse relationship was found between the duration of the disease and the thickness of the RNFL and the macula. However, to date there are very few studies on the possible association between ADHD and structural damages on the retina or optic nerve.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accordingly, the main objective of the present study is to determine the existence of differences in macular thickness, in the ganglion cell complex (GCC) or in the RNFL by means of OCT in patients with ADHD compared to a control group. A secondary objective is to determine the existence of differences in the studied parameters between patients with ADHD in treatment with methylphenidate or derivates and untreated patients.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A transversal study conducted in the hospital of Zafra since January 2016 until June 2017. All the legal representatives of patients signed an informed consent and the protocol of the study was carried in compliance with the ethical norms described in the Helsinki declaration for biomedical research and had the approval of the Ethical Committee. The patients included in the study were divided in 2 groups: group 1 comprised by patients diagnosed with ADHD. Said diagnostic was carried out in accordance with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Diseases</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In turn, said group of patients with ADHD was divided into subgroups, one without pharmacological treatment and the other in treatment during at least 6 months prior to the study. The active principles were methylphenidate hydrochloride (Equasym® 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, Shire Pharmaceuticals Iberica, Madrid, Spain; Concerta® 36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, Janssen, Beerse, Bélgica, and Medikinet® 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, Rovi Madrid, Spain, lisdexamfetamine dismesylate (Elvanse® 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, Shire Pharmaceuticals Iberica, Madrid, Spain) and atomoxetine hydrochloride (Strattera® 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, Irisfarma S.L., Madrid, Spain).</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 2, i.e., the control group, comprised healthy patients who were paired to avoid differences of age, sex or spherical equivalent.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both groups excluded all patients with a history of concomitant neurological or psychiatric diseases as well as psychomotor development alterations or learning/behavioral alterations. Patients who exhibited diseases in the retina and optic nerve or anterior segment malformations in the course of the examination were also excluded.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients underwent a full ophthalmological examination. Visual acuity was taken with best correction after cycloplegic refraction (in the decimal scale), measuring spherical refractive defect and spherical equivalent. In addition, anterior pole was examined under slit lamp and eye fundus under dilatation.</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">OCT examination</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients underwent macular, GCC and RNFL OCT. The device was Cirrus model 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) of the spectral domain type that utilizes low optical coherence interferometry on the basis of reflected light delay. Said device has scanning speed of 27,000 scans/s with an axial resolution of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm and a scanning depth of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. it utilizes a light having a wavelength of 840<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm and scans an area of 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm for the macula and optic nerve. All measurements were obtained automatically by the device and the scans were checked to confirm the quality of images, discarding those that failed to reach a signal intensity of ≥8/10.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Cirrus 5000 OCT device includes the FoveaFinder technology that guides the capture of macular images and ensures that the measurement framework for the ETDRS and ganglion cells plus inner plexiform layer tests are centered on the fovea. In the optic disk, the AutoCenter™ function automatically centers the circle for calculating the peripapillary RNFL of 3.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm diameter for a precise placement and repeatable measurements.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Said device captures a data cube of 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm with a separation of 30 or 47<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm between scans, and these data are entered in the device algorithms for segmentation and for carrying out reproducible measurements and registering the analysis of changes. Said layer segmentation algorithms are utilized for measuring macular thickness, RNFL and optic disk and have been validated after demonstrating precise repeatability and segmentation. The algorithm for the optic nerve head has been designed to measure with precision the neuroretinal edge while detecting inclined discs, RPE disruptions and other complex diseases.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the macular level, central macular thickness values were recorded (diameter 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) and foveal thickness, the thickness of the 4 perifoveal quadrants of the 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm ring (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). In addition, the GCC was measured as average and in 6 sectors (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The optic nerve OCT measured the RNFL thickness as an average and in 12 sectors of 30° each (1, 2 and 3: superior; 4, 5 and 6: nasal; 7, 8 and 9: inferior; 10, 11 and 12 temporal) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The secondary objective consisted in evaluating extrinsic ocular motility and convergence.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS® application (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, v21.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Quantitative variables were summarized in the mean, standard deviation and range, while the qualitative variables were summarized in distribution frequency. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for analyzing the normality distribution of variables which were used as a basis to analyze the existence of differences between the groups of the study utilizing the nonparametric Mann–Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test. Statistical significance was established at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included 92 eyes of 46 patients, divided in 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 46 eyes of 23 patients diagnosed with ADHD. In turn, this group was divided in 2 subgroups, one with 18 eyes of 9 patients without pharmacological treatment and another comprising 28 size of 14 patients with said treatment. The control group (group 2) comprised 46 eyes of 23 healthy patients.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean age was 11.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.1 years in the control group and 12.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.1 in the group with ADHD, without statistically significant differences (range 6–18 years; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.182). The mean age of patients with ADHD in treatment was 12.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.0, while in the group without treatment the mean age was 11.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.3 years (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.855). In the control group, 70% were males and in the ADHD group 82.6% were males (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.101), without statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent after cycloplegia (–0.03<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.34 vs. +0.41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.27 diopters; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.249) or in best corrected visual acuity between groups (1 vs. 0.98 decimal; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.080).</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was observed that the central macular thickness was lower in ADHD patients than in controls (257.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm vs. 267.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.013). However, no differences were observed in foveal or macular thickness of the various studied sectors or in the 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm ring (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). In addition, GCC did not show differences (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.566; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>) between controls and ADHD, and the same result was observed for RNFL (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.095; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When comparing the ADHD subgroups with and without treatment, no differences were observed in mean macular thickness or sectors. The same was found for GCC (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.160 and 0.375, respectively). In contrast, lower foveal thickness was observed in the group without treatment against the group with treatment (245.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm vs. 259.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.018).</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition, lower RNFL was found in 5 en 5/12 sectors at the papillary level (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.033). Specifically, for ADHD and control groups respectively the thicknesses were: sector 1: 119.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 vs. 124.85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.030), sector 3: 83.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27 vs. 102.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.004), sector 5: 58.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 vs. 70.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005), sector 6: 90.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 vs. 108.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.003), and sector 11: 76.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 vs. 76.15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.033).</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In what concerns extrinsic ocular motility and convergence, the group with ADHD exhibited 6 exophoria and 1 accommodative endotropia while the control group did not produce any patient with strabismus. As regards convergence insufficiency, 4 patients with ADHD exhibited this condition in the course of the examination as well as 1 patient of the control group.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, OCT has enabled the identification of alterations in macular and optic nerve parameters as well as different biomarkers in various neuropsychiatric diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11–19</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many studies have analyzed macular thickness with OCT in healthy pediatric populations, notably that by Pérez-García et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">.</span> who observed a central macular thickness measured with Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) of 263.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm, and the study by Al-Haddad et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> with Cirrus-HD (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) of 249.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm. These values are similar to those found in the present study. As demonstrated in the work by Altemir et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> it is important to emphasize that the reproduce ability of Cirrus HD in the pediatric population is excellent both for RNFL and for macular measurements.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study observed lower macular thickness in patients with ADHD compared to controls. Similarly, Hergüner et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> utilizing OCT Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), did not observe differences in parafoveal macular thickness in the various analyzed sectors. However, said authors did not analyze central macular thickness which is the parameter that was found to be altered in the present study. Patients with ADHD exhibited global reductions in the overall volume of various central nervous system structures such as the brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglions, cerebellum and parietotemporal regions, with the retina being a part thereof.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22–25</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the population of the present study, the mean RNFL thickness in the control group (97.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) was very similar to that reported by Al-Haddad et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> (95.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm). The present study did not observe differences in RNFL between patients with ADHD and controls. In contrast, Hergüner et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> utilizing the Spectralis device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in patients with ADHD found lower RNFL values only in the nasal sector (1/6 studied sectors), with this difference being low magnitude as stated by the authors (4.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm). It should be pointed out that this thinning of the RNFL nasal sectors was observed in other psychiatric and neurological diseases, including schizophrenia or autism.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Even though the cognitive or visual repercussion that RNFL thinning could have in the nasal sectors has not been studied, van Koolwijk et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> described in their paper an improved cognitive function associated to larger RNFL thicknesses.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In what concerns the differences between patients with ADHD with and without pharmacological treatment, the latter exhibited lower foveal and RNFL thickness in different papillary sectors (5/12), mainly in the superior and nasal sectors, coinciding with the thinning of nasal RNFL sectors described in other psychiatric and neurological diseases such as schizophrenia or autism.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Several authors have observed that low doses of stimulants prescribed for ADHD contributes to the normalization of the neurological anatomy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24,26</span></a> and the function of structures such as the anterior cingulate and the cerebellar vermis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27–29</span></a> Similarly, Shaw et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> examined changes in the cortical thickness of children and teenagers with ADHD and observed differences in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, where patients with psychostimulants exhibited more normalized cortical volume rates. Friedman and Rapoport<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> proposed several explanations for the impact of psychostimulants in the neurological development of ADHD: either the stimulant itself has a direct action in the normalization of brain development, or the stimulant enabled anatomic normalization based on adequate function, pointing to the latter as the most probable explanation. Accordingly, the normalization of RNFL and foveal thicknesses could be explained in patients with ADHD treated with amphetamine derivates in contrast with untreated patients.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As regards ocular motility in ADHD patients, as described in other studies these patients exhibit convergence insufficiency with greater frequency.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32,33</span></a> In the population of the present study, a higher number of patients with heterophoria was observed in the group of untreated patients with ADHD vs. treated patients. This finding was also observed in the study by Grönlund et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>. In addition, Granet et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> observed a convergence insufficiency rate of 15.7% in patients with ADHD, a similar percentage to that found by Grönlund et al., who found a convergence insufficiency of 17% in patients with ADHD in treatment, and 24% insufficiency in patients without treatment. It is proposed that this improvement in visual acuity and convergence in patients under treatment with amphetamines could be explained by the action thereof at the level of the superior colliculus which is responsible for ocular movements. When the visual response capacity in the superior colliculus is diminished, the probability of a weak stimulus reaching the basal ganglions is also diminished, and this translates in an apparent reduction of distraction and a relative improvement of sustained attention.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> That is, it allows focusing attention on important stimuli and inhibiting visual response to secondary stimuli, thus involving improvement in visual acuity and fixation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study to observe lower macular thicknesses in patients with ADHD compared to controls, being the first to analyze the existence of differences at the macular and optic nerve level in patients with ADHD with and without treatment.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitations of the present study include the small sample size and the observational design. It would be of interest to conduct studies with a longitudinal design and a larger sample size to confirm the present results, as well as a subanalysis thereof on the basis of treatment and age as well as evaluating the possible clinic implications thereof. Additional analyses should include the time of treatment required for the drugs to carry out possible protective functions against thinning or the lack of adequate development of foveal and RNFL thickness as well as possible changes in adults with ADHD and treatment in order to assess whether OCT differences are similar to those of children, taking into account the diminished cerebral plasticity of adults. In conclusion, the present study observed lower macular thicknesses in patients with ADHD compared to controls. In addition, patients with ADHD without pharmacological treatment exhibited lower RNFL thicknesses in several papillary sectors compared to patients with treatment.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No conflict of interests related to this publication was declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1349064" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240948" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1349065" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240949" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "OCT examination" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-10-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-02-27" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240948" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" 1 => "Macular thickness" 2 => "Retina nerve fiber layer" 3 => "Optical coherence tomography" 4 => "Methylphenidate" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240949" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad" 1 => "Grosor macular" 2 => "Capa fibras nerviosas retina" 3 => "Tomografía de coherencia óptica" 4 => "Metilfenidato" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess if there are any differences in macular and papillary thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with a control group, including if there are differences between ADHD patients with and without treatment.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective observational study including 92 eyes of 46 patients divided into 2 groups: 46 eyes of 23 patients with ADHD, and a control group of 46 eyes of 23 healthy patients. The group of patients with ADHD was subdivided into those on treatment with methylphenidate (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28) and those not on treatment (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18). The macular thickness, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) at the papillary level were measured in 12 sectors.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A lower central macular thickness was observed in the ADHD patients than in the controls (257.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm versus 267.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.013), with no differences observed in the GCC (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.566), or in the RNFL (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.095). There were no differences in the patients with ADHD with and without treatment, as regards macular thickness and the GCC (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.160 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.375 respectively), but a lower foveal thickness (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.018) and RNFL in 5/12 sectors at the papillary level (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.033) were observed in those without treatment.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A lower macular thickness was observed in patients with ADHD than in controls. In addition, patients with ADHD without treatment had a lower thickness of the fovea and RNFL than those patients on treatment.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar si existen diferencias en el grosor macular y papilar mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) comparando con un grupo control, evaluando además si existen diferencias entre pacientes con TDAH con y sin tratamiento.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal en el que se incluyó a 92 ojos de 46 pacientes, divididos en 2 grupos: 46 ojos de 23 pacientes con TDAH y un grupo control de 46 ojos de 23 sujetos. El grupo de pacientes con TDAH se subdividió en aquellos con tratamiento con metilfenidato o derivados (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28) y aquellos sin tratamiento (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18). Se midió el grosor macular, el complejo de células ganglionares (CCG) y la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina (CFNR) a nivel papilar en 12 sectores.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se observó un menor grosor macular central en los TDAH que en controles (257,4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm vs. 267,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,013), no observándose diferencias en el CCG (p ≥ 0,566), ni en la CFNR (p ≥ 0,095). En los pacientes con TDAH con y sin tratamiento no se observaron diferencias en el grosor macular ni en el CCG (p ≥ 0,160 y 0,375, respectivamente), pero se objetivó un menor grosor foveal (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,018) y de la CFNR en 5/12 sectores a nivel papilar (p ≤ 0,033) en aquellos sin tratamiento.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se observó un menor grosor macular en los pacientes con TDAH que en controles. Además, los pacientes con TDAH sin tratamiento presentaron un menor grosor foveal y de la CFNR que aquellos pacientes en tratamiento.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Sánchez-Guillén I, Almorín-Fernández-Vigo I, Fernández-Vigo JI, de-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño L, Kudsieh B, Fernández-Vigo JA. Evaluación de los cambios en la mácula y en el nervio óptico mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:271–278.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1882 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 664039 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thickness of the macula and the ganglion cell complex in a control subject (left) and in a patient with ADHD (right). This example shows diminished macular central thickness in the patient with ADHD.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1939 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 737181 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurement of a patient with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in treatment with methylphenidate (left) and in a patient without treatment (right). This case shows lower RNFL thickness in the patient without treatment.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Central thickness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Foveal thickness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm ring</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm ring</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sup \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Inf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Temp \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nasal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sup \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Inf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Temp \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nasal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Controls \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">267.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">256.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">327.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">322.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">329.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">313.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">282.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">273.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">268.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">303.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">257.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">253.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">320.84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">319.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">309.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">324.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">280.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">268.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">262.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">198.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.552 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.536 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.956 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.860 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.925 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.612 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.516 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.673 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD without treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">259.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">245.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">320.72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">316.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">307.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">322.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">278.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">264.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">258.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">294.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD with treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">255.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">259.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">320.92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">320.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">311.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">325.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">281.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">271<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">264.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">301.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.490 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.622 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.571 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.562 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.257 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.622 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.543 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.269 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2314943.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of macular thickness measurements in control subjects compared to those with attention deficits and hyper timid to disorder (ADHD), and between patients with ADHD with and without treatment.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="8" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ganglion cell layer thickness per sector (μm)</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Average \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Superior \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Supero-nasal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Infero-nasal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Inferior \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Infero-temporal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Supero-temporal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Controls \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.03<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.934 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.566 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.774 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.740 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.939 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.867 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.876 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD without treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD with treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.926 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.711 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.747 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.656 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.496 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.572 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.375 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2314942.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of retina ganglion cell complex (GCC) measurements in control subjects compared to those with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between patients with ADHD with and without treatment.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="14" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Retina nerve fiber layer thickness per sector (μm)</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Average \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Controls \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">115.41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">94.41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53.41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">137.61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">138.20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51.09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.57<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">127.87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">94.07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">122.66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">110.36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">110.19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">130.27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">128.23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51.52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">123.57<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.144 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.820 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.482 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.791 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.596 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.387 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.712 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.095 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.475 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.133 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.862 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.750 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.287 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD without treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">119.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">108.94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90.29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">123.67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">119.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ADHD with treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">96.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">124.85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">111.35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">102.65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60.31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">108.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">135.31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">131.38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50.85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">126.38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.094 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.030 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.393 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.534 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.290 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.553 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.186 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.133 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.033 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.654 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2314944.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements in control subjects compared to those with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between patients with ADHD with and without treatment.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:35 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. DSM-5. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R. Thomas" 1 => "S. Sanders" 2 => "J. Doust" 3 => "E. Beller" 4 => "P. Glasziou" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2014-3482" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "135" "paginaInicial" => "e994" "paginaFinal" => "e1001" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25733754" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: much ado about something" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "I. Berger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "IMAJ-ISR Med Assoc J" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "571" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gender differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.J. Rucklidge" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.psc.2010.01.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatr Clin North Am" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "357" "paginaFinal" => "373" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20385342" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E.G. Willcutt" 1 => "A.E. Doyle" 2 => "J.T. Nigg" 3 => "S.V. Faraone" 4 => "B.F. Pennington" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "57" "paginaInicial" => "1336" "paginaFinal" => "1346" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15950006" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Executive function in children with Tourette syndrome and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E.L. Harris" 1 => "L.J. Schuerholz" 2 => "H.S. Singer" 3 => "M.J. Reader" 4 => "J.E. Brown" 5 => "C. Cox" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/s1355617700000631" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc JINS" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "511" "paginaFinal" => "516" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9375237" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Differential patterns of striatal activation in young children with and without ADHD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Durston" 1 => "N.T. Tottenham" 2 => "K.M. Thomas" 3 => "M.C. Davidson" 4 => "I.-M. Eigsti" 5 => "Y. Yang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01904-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "53" "paginaInicial" => "871" "paginaFinal" => "878" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12742674" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Morphological abnormalities of the thalamus in youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I. Ivanov" 1 => "R. Bansal" 2 => "X. Hao" 3 => "H. Zhu" 4 => "C. Kellendonk" 5 => "L. Miller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "167" "paginaInicial" => "397" "paginaFinal" => "408" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cerebellar morphology and the effects of stimulant medications in youths with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "I. Ivanov" 1 => "J.W. Murrough" 2 => "R. Bansal" 3 => "X. Hao" 4 => "B.S. Peterson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/npp.2013.257" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychopharmacology" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "718" "paginaFinal" => "726" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24077064" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current neuroscience-informed perspectives for clinicians" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Cortese" 1 => "F.X. Castellanos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11920-012-0310-y" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Psychiatry Rep" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "568" "paginaFinal" => "578" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22851201" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Alzheimer disease using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Güneş" 1 => "S. Demirci" 2 => "L. Tök" 3 => "Ö. Tök" 4 => "S. Demirci" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Turk J Med Sci" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "1094" "paginaFinal" => "1097" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738353" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness in patients with Parkinson disease and association with disease severity and duration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E.S. Sari" 1 => "R. Koc" 2 => "A. Yazici" 3 => "G. Sahin" 4 => "S.S. Ermis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/WNO.0000000000000203" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Neuroophthalmol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "117" "paginaFinal" => "121" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485861" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A study of retinal parameters measured by optical coherence tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.-J. Hu" 1 => "Y.-A. You" 2 => "Y. Zhang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.06.24" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "1211" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26682175" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Decreases in ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer volumes correlate better with disease severity in schizophrenia patients than retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: findings from spectral optic coherence tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Celik" 1 => "A. Kalenderoglu" 2 => "A. Sevgi Karadag" 3 => "O. Bekir Egilmez" 4 => "B. Han-Almis" 5 => "A. Şimşek" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.10.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "9" "paginaFinal" => "15" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26800301" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in bipolar disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Mehraban" 1 => "S.M. Samimi" 2 => "M. Entezari" 3 => "M.H. Seifi" 4 => "M. Nazari" 5 => "M. Yaseri" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00417-015-2981-7" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "254" "paginaInicial" => "365" "paginaFinal" => "371" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25808660" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with ADHD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Hergüner" 1 => "İ. Alpfidan" 2 => "A. Yar" 3 => "E. Erdoğan" 4 => "Ö. Metin" 5 => "Y. Sakarya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/1087054716664412" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Atten Disord" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "619" "paginaFinal" => "626" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27535944" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in children: normative data and biometric correlations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Al-Haddad" 1 => "A. Barikian" 2 => "M. Jaroudi" 3 => "V. Massoud" 4 => "H. Tamim" 5 => "B. Noureddin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2415-14-53" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "53" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24755354" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1098301516000206" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10983015" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness measurement in patients with schizophrenia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "U. Yılmaz" 1 => "E. Küçük" 2 => "A. Ülgen" 3 => "A. Özköse" 4 => "S. Demircan" 5 => "D.M. Ulusoy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5301/ejo.5000723" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "375" "paginaFinal" => "378" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742871" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Association of cognitive functioning with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.M.E. Van Koolwijk" 1 => "D.D.G. Despriet" 2 => "C.M. van Duijn" 3 => "B.A. Oostra" 4 => "J.C. van Swieten" 5 => "I. de Koning" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Invest Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "4576" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Study of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in children: normal values and influence of age, sex, and refractive status" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. Pérez-García" 1 => "J. Ibañez-Alperte" 2 => "L. Remón" 3 => "J.Á. Cristóbal" 4 => "A. Sanchez-Cano" 5 => "I. Pinilla" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5301/ejo.5000665" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "135" "paginaFinal" => "141" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26428219" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reproducibility of optical coherence tomography measurements in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I. Altemir" 1 => "V. Pueyo" 2 => "N. Elía" 3 => "V. Polo" 4 => "J.M. Larrosa" 5 => "D. Oros" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2012.06.012" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "155" "paginaInicial" => "171" "paginaFinal" => "176" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967864" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F.X. Castellanos" 1 => "P.P. Lee" 2 => "W. Sharp" 3 => "N.O. Jeffries" 4 => "D.K. Greenstein" 5 => "L.S. Clasen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.288.14.1740" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "288" "paginaInicial" => "1740" "paginaFinal" => "1748" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365958" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E.M. Valera" 1 => "S.V. Faraone" 2 => "K.E. Murray" 3 => "L.J. Seidman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.011" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "1361" "paginaFinal" => "1369" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950217" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gray matter volume abnormalities in ADHD: voxel-based meta-analysis exploring the effects of age and stimulant medication" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T. Nakao" 1 => "J. Radua" 2 => "K. Rubia" 3 => "D. Mataix-Cols" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020281" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "168" "paginaInicial" => "1154" "paginaFinal" => "1163" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21865529" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnetic resonance imaging of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Durston" 1 => "H.E. Hulshoff Pol" 2 => "H.G. Schnack" 3 => "J.K. Buitelaar" 4 => "M.P. Steenhuis" 5 => "R.B. Minderaa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00004583-200403000-00016" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "332" "paginaFinal" => "340" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15076267" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of structural MRI studies in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder indicates treatment effects" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T. Frodl" 1 => "N. Skokauskas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01786.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Psychiatr Scand" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "114" "paginaFinal" => "126" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22118249" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Task-related default mode network modulation and inhibitory control in ADHD: effects of motivation and methylphenidate" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E.B. Liddle" 1 => "C. Hollis" 2 => "M.J. Batty" 3 => "M.J. Groom" 4 => "J.J. Totman" 5 => "M. Liotti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02333.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Child Psychol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "761" "paginaFinal" => "771" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21073458" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A magnetic resonance imaging study of the cerebellar vermis in chronically treated and treatment-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined type" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Bledsoe" 1 => "M. Semrud-Clikeman" 2 => "S.R. Pliszka" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.030" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "620" "paginaFinal" => "624" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150052" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "differences in treatment-naïve vs chronically treated children with ADHD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Semrud-Clikeman" 1 => "S.R. Pliśzka" 2 => "J. Lancaster" 3 => "M. Liotti" 4 => "M.R.I. Volumetric" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1212/01.wnl.0000237385.84037.3c" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurology" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "1023" "paginaFinal" => "1027" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17000972" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Psychostimulant treatment and the developing cortex in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Shaw" 1 => "W.S. Sharp" 2 => "M. Morrison" 3 => "K. Eckstrand" 4 => "D.K. Greenstein" 5 => "L.S. Clasen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "166" "paginaInicial" => "58" "paginaFinal" => "63" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain development in ADHD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.A. Friedman" 1 => "J.L. Rapoport" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.conb.2014.11.007" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Neurobiol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "106" "paginaFinal" => "111" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25500059" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Visual function and ocular features in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with and without treatment with stimulants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.A. Grönlund" 1 => "E. Aring" 2 => "M. Landgren" 3 => "A. Hellström" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/sj.eye.6702240" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eye" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "494" "paginaFinal" => "502" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518370" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The relationship between convergence insufficiency and ADHD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D.B. Granet" 1 => "C.F. Gomi" 2 => "R. Ventura" 3 => "A. Miller-Scholte" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/09273970500455436" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Strabismus" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "163" "paginaFinal" => "168" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16361187" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enhanced visual responses in the superior colliculus in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and their suppression by <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">d</span>-amphetamine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K.M. Clements" 1 => "I.M. Devonshire" 2 => "J.N.J. Reynolds" 3 => "P.G. Overton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.054" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuroscience" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "274" "paginaInicial" => "289" "paginaFinal" => "298" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905438" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0350" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oculomotor abnormalities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are improved by methylphenidate" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.P. Bucci" 1 => "C. Stordeur" 2 => "M. Septier" 3 => "E. Acquaviva" 4 => "H. Peyre" 5 => "R. Delorme" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1089/cap.2016.0162" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "274" "paginaFinal" => "280" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27976935" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735794/0000009500000006/v1_202006140809/S217357942030075X/v1_202006140809/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8725" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original article" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735794/0000009500000006/v1_202006140809/S217357942030075X/v1_202006140809/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217357942030075X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
Year/Month | Html | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
2023 March | 2 | 2 | 4 |