Buscar en
Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Evaluación de un programa de actividad física en adultos mayores1
Información de la revista
Vol. 37. Núm. 2.
Páginas 87-92 (Enero 2002)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 37. Núm. 2.
Páginas 87-92 (Enero 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Evaluación de un programa de actividad física en adultos mayores1
Evaluation of a physical activity program in the elderly
Visitas
6063
V. Díaz
,
Autor para correspondencia
vdiaz@machi.med.uchile.cl

Correspondencia: Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Santos Dumart, 999. Santiago, Chile.
, I. Díaz**, C. Acuña***, A. Donoso****, D. Nowogrodsky*****
* Médica Neuróloga. Magister en Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre
** Psicóloga Clínica. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre
*** Profesora de Educación Física. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre
**** Profesor Titular de Neurología. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre
***** Geriatra. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar un programa de actividad física en adultos mayores (AM) en parámetros de cambio a nivel de presión arterial, motilidad, índice de masa corporal y síntomas subjetivos.

Material Y método

Muestra no probabilística. Los participantes eran evaluados antes y después de finalizar las actividades. Se descartaron todos aquellos que presentaban patología grave no controlada, tales como insuficiencia cardíaca y hemiplejias. Se dividieron en dos grupos: uno tuvo dos reuniones semanales de natación durante tres meses y el otro un programa de CAMPIRA (Camina y Respira) con actividades de tres veces semanales durante tres meses.

Análisis Estadístico

Wilcoxon signed rank test para evaluar los parámetros antes y después de la intervención, t test para diferencia de promedios y una alfa de 0,05.

Resultados

Participaron, 116 mujeres y 18 hombres, el promedio de edad fue de 66 años y la moda de 68 años, 15,67% fumaban, 55,24% presentaban hipertensión arterial (HTA) en tratamiento, 82,84% ingerían algún tipo de fármacos, 23,88% bebían alcohol, 1,5% presentaban arritmia cardíaca y 5,22% diabetes mellitus. Las variables edema, disnea, ortopnea, nicturia, insomio, depresión, síntomas, osteoarticulares, disminuyeron en forma estadísticamente significativa. Peso promedio al ingreso de 68,27 kg (sd= 10,30), al finalizar 67,73 (sd= 13,37), t = 2,47 (95% IC 0,1 a 0,9), Wixcoxon signed rank test para Indice de masa corporal (IMC) z= –3,35, p= 0,001, t test para presión arterial sistólica (PAS) promedio al ingreso de 140,07 (sd= 14,70), al egreso PAS= 132 (sd= 15,98), t test= 4,35 p= 0,0001 (95% 2,8 a 7,5), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) promedio al ingreso= 81,78, al egreso= 80,75, t test= 1,4, p= 1,16. no significativo.

Conclusiones

La actividad física es altamente beneficiosa en coordinación, flexibilidad, PAS, pulso en esfuerzo y síntomas como nicturia, insomnio y dolores osteo articulares. La adherencia al programa presentó variaciones estacionales.

Palabras clave:
Programa de actividad física
Ancianos
Summary
Objective

Evaluate a physical activity program in the elderly in parameters of change in blood pressure level, motility, body mass index, subjective symptoms.

Material And Methods

Non-probabilistic sample. The participants were assessed before and after finishing their activities. All those presenting serious uncontrolled pathology such as heart failure and hemiplegias were discarded. They were divided into two groups: one had two weekly swimming sessions for three months and the other a CAMPIRA (walking and breathing) program with activities three times a week for three months.

Statistical Analysis

Wilcoxon signed rank test to assess the parameters before and after the intervention, t test for average difference and an 0.05 alpha.

Results

116 women and 18 men participated. Average age was 66 years and mode 68 years, 15.67% smoked, 55.24% had arterial hypertension (AHT) under treatment, 82.84% took some type of drugs, 23.88% drank alcohol, 1.5% had cardiac arrhythmia and 5.22% diabetes mellitus. The variables of edema, dyspnea, orthopnea, nycturia, insomnia, depression, symptoms, and osteoarticular decreased in a statistically significant way. The average weight on admission of 68.27 Kg (S.D.= 10.30), at the end 67.73 (S.D.= 13.37), t= 2.47 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.9), Wilcoxon signed rank test for the body mass index (BMI), z= 3.35, p= 0.001, average t test for systolic blood pressure (SBP) on admission of 140.07 (S.D.= 14.70), on discharge SBP= 132 (S.D.= 15.98), t test= 4.35 p= 0.0001 (95% 28 to 75), average diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on admission= 81.78, on discharge= 80.75, t test= 1.4, p= 1.16, non-significant.

Conclusions

The physical activity is highly beneficial in coordination, flexibility, SBP, pulse on stress and symptoms such as mycturia, insomnia and osteoarticular pains. Adherence to the program presented seasonal variations.

Key words:
Elderly
Physical Activity Program
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
G.A. Kelly.
Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure among women: A meta analysis.
Preventive Medicine, 28 (1999), pp. 264-275
[2.]
G.B. Mensink, T. Ziese, F.J. Kok.
Benefits of leisure-time physical activity on the cardiovascular risk profile at older age.
Int J Epidemiol, 28 (1999), pp. 659-666
[3.]
O.GT Connor, C.H. Hennekens, W.C. Willwt, S.Z. Goldhaber, R.S. Paffenbarger, J.L. Breslow, et al.
Physical exercise and reduced risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction.
Am J Epidemiol, 142 (1995), pp. 1147-1156
[4.]
G.A. Kelly.
Aerobic exercise and bone density at hip postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis.
Preventive Medicine, 27 (1998), pp. 798-807
[5.]
E. Ernst.
Exercise for female osteoporosis: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials.
Sports Medicine, 25 (1998), pp. 359-368
[6.]
E.B. Larsen, R.A. Bruce.
Health beneficts of exercise in an aging society.
Arch Intern Med, 147 (1987), pp. 353
[7.]
A.C. King, C.B. Taylor, W. Haskell.
Effects of different intensities and formats of 12 months of exercise trainig on physicological outcomes in older adults.
Health Psych, 12 (1993), pp. 292-300
[8.]
D.A. Lawlor, S.W. Hopker.
The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials.
BMJ, 322 (2001), pp. 763-767
[9.]
World Health Organization (WHO)..
Obesity. Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity.
World Health Organization, tecnical report series 797, WHO Geneva, (1997),
[10.]
K. Mobily, P. Mobily.
Reliability of 60 +functional fitness test Battery for older adult.
J Aging Phys Activity, 5 (1997), pp. 150-162
[11.]
R.J. Shephard, M. Berridge, W. Montelpare.
On the generality of the «seat and reach» test: An analysis of flexibility data for an aging population.
Research Quarterly for Exerc Sport, 61 (1990), pp. 326-330
[12.]
D. Shaulis, L.A. Golding, R.D. Tandy.
Reliability of the AAHPERD functional fitness across multiple practice sessions in older men and women.
J Aging Phys Activity, 2 (1994), pp. 273-279
[13.]
G. Bravo, P. Gouthier, P.M. Roy, et al.
The functional fitness assessment battery: Reliavility and validity data for older women.
J Aging Phys Activity, 2 (1994), pp. 67-79
[14.]
L.E. Voorips, J.H.H. Meuers, J.C. Seidell, P. Sol, W.A. Van Stavern.
History of bodyweight and physical activity of elderly women differinf in current physical activity.
Int J Obesity, 16 (1992), pp. 199-205
[15.]
R.J. Landin, T.J. Linnemeir, D.A. Rothbaum, J. Chappelear, R.J. Noble.
Exercise testing and training of the elderly patient.
Card Clin, 5 (1985), pp. 201-208
[16.]
H.A. De Vries.
Tension reduction with exercise.
Exercise and Mental health, Washington, pp. 99-104
[17.]
J.Q. Halloszy, M.J. Rennie, R.C. Hickson.
Physiologic consequences of adaptation to endurance exercise.
Ann NY Acad Sci, 301 (1977), pp. 440
[18.]
K.J. Curenton, M.A. Collins, D.W. Hill, et al.
Muscle hypertrophy in men and women.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 20 (1988), pp. 338
[19.]
R.S. Mazzeo.
The influence of exercise and aging on inmune function.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 26 (1994), pp. 586-592
[20.]
M.A. Fiatrone, J.E. Morley, E.T. Bloom, D. Benton, G.F. Solomon, T. Makinodan.
The effect of exercise on natural killer cell activity in young and old subjects.
J Gerontol, 44 (1989), pp. 37-45
[21.]
M.A. Pahlavani, T.H. Cheung, J.A. Cheskey, A. Richardson.
Influence of exercise on the inmune function of rats of various ages.
J Appl Physiol, 64 (1988), pp. 1997-2001
[22.]
R.K. Severson, A. Nomura, J.S. Grove, G.N. Stemmerman.
A prospective analysis of physical activity and cancer.
Am J Epidemiol, 130 (1989), pp. 522-529
[23.]
M. Slattery, S. Edwards, K. Ma, G. Friedman, J. Potter.
Physical activity and colon cancer: a public health perspective.
Ann Epidem, 7 (1997), pp. 137-145
[24.]
D. Albanes, A. Blair, P.R. Taylor.
Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES I population.
Am J Public Health, 79 (1989), pp. 744-750
[25.]
K.A. Al-Roomi, O.M. Abdulrahman, A. Al-Awad.
Lifestyle end risk of acute myocardial infarction in a gulf Arab population.
Int J Epidermiol, 23 (1994), pp. 99-107
[26.]
H. Ellekjaer, J. Holmen, E. Ellekjaer, L. Vatten.
Physical activity and stroke mortality in women.
Stroke, 31 (2000), pp. 14-18
[27.]
R.L. Sacco, B. Boden-Albala, et al.
Leisure-time activity and ischemic stroke risk.
Stroke, 29 (1998), pp. 380-387
[28.]
C.B. Taylor, J. Sallis, R. Needle.
The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health.
Pub Health Reports, 100 (1985), pp. 195-202

Financiamiento: proyecto del Fondo Nacional de Inversión Social (FOSIS).

Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Quizás le interese:
10.1016/j.regg.2024.101488
No mostrar más