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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Tinetti para población colombiana
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Vol. 19. Núm. 4.
Páginas 218-233 (Diciembre 2012)
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Vol. 19. Núm. 4.
Páginas 218-233 (Diciembre 2012)
Acceso a texto completo
Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Tinetti para población colombiana
Validity and reliability of Tinetti Scale for Colombian people
Visitas
26560
Camila Rodríguez Guevara1,
Autor para correspondencia
, Luz Helena Lugo2
1 Unidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación. Clínica Las Américas. Medellín. Colombia
2 Grupo de Rehabilitación en Salud, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín. Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Las caídas, son el cuarto síndrome geriátrico con mayor prevalencia, incrementan la morbilidad y la mortalidad, disminuyen la funcionalidad, y aumentan prematuramente el ingreso a los hogares geriátricos. Las alteraciones de la marcha y el equilibrio son los principales factores que las generan, con un rango de valores ajustados de riesgo relativo entre 1.2–2.2 y 1.2–2.4, respectivamente. La escala de Tinetti de marcha y equilibrio ha demostrado ser una herramienta válida y confiable para la evaluación de la movilidad (r 0.74–0.93), además, tiene una alta fiabilidad inter-observador (0.95).

Objetivo

Validar la Escala de Tinetti, a partir de su versión original, para el uso en población colombiana.

Materiales y métodos

La escala de Tinetti en su versión en español fue aplicada por dos evaluadores a 90 adultos mayores, residentes de tres instituciones geriátricas de la ciudad de Medellín y dos municipios del Valle de Aburrá con diferentes grados de funcionalidad en la marcha y en el equilibrio. Posteriormente, se realizó la validación de contenido, constructo y criterio, así como fiabilidad inter e intraobservador.

Resultados

La validez de contenido, sugiere la reestructuración de los ítems del dominio del equilibrio con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.95 y una varianza de 13.89; en la validez de constructo, en 46 de las 48 respuestas de la escala se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la capacidad de detectar cambios en un grupo sin alteraciones en la marcha y el equilibrio (sanos) comparado con el grupo con alteraciones (enfermos); la validez de criterio concurrente logró una alta correlación r:-0.82 con el test “Timed up and go”. La fiabilidad inter e intraobservador obtuvo un Kappa ponderado de 0.4 a 0.6 y 0.6 a 0.8, respectivamente; el alpha de Cronbach fue de 0.91.

Conclusiones

La escala de Tinetti es válida y confiable para utilizarla en adultos mayores en Colombia.

Palabras clave:
Adultos mayores
Caídas
Escala de Tinetti
Validación
Fiabilidad
Summary
Introduction

Falls are the fourth most prevalent geriatric syndrome which diminishes body functionality and increases morbidity, mortality, and early admission to nursing homes. Gait and postural balance alterations are the main generating factors with Risk Relative from 1.9 to 6-6 and from 1.2 to 2.2 respectively. The Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment Scale has proved to be a valid and reliable tool to evaluate mobility (r 0.74–0.93) and also has high inter-observer reliability (0.95).

Objective

To validate the Tinetti Scale for its use in Colombian population, starting from its original version.

Materials and Methods

The Spanish version of the Tinetti Scale was applied by two evaluators to 90 elderly persons with different degrees of gait and balance functionality. All of the evaluated live in nursing homes located three in Medellin and two municipalities of the Aburrá Valley. Subsequently performed the statistical process of validation and reliability.

Results

The content validity suggests the re-structuring of the items in the domain of equilibrium with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.948 and a variance of 13,894, in the construct validity, 46 of the 48 responses of the scale differences statistically significant in the ability to detect changes in a group without alterations in gait and balance (healthy) and a group with these conditions (sick); the concurrent validity had a high correlation r = -0.82 with Timed up and go. The inter and intra–rater reliability was between 0.4 to 0.6 and 0.6 to 0.8, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.91.

Conclusions

The Tinetti Scale is valid and reliable for its use in Colombian population. Exploratory analysis of the validity of content suggests a restructuring of the scale items in one domain, since it represents a larger number of factors.

Key words:
Elderly people
Falls
Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
Reliability
Validity
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Los autores declaran no presentar ningún conflicto de interés al momento de la redacción del manuscrito.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología
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