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Vol. 61. Issue 5.
Pages 430-434 (September - October 2019)
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Vol. 61. Issue 5.
Pages 430-434 (September - October 2019)
Brief report
Segmental arterial mediolysis
Mediolisis arterial segmentaria
Visits
258
C. Jurado Basildo
Corresponding author
cjurado@povisa.es

Corresponding author.
, E. Santos Armentia, N. Silva Priege, A.M. Villanueva Campos
Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Povisa, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Abstract

This article reports the case of a 51-year-old woman in whom brain MRI to follow up multiple sclerosis incidentally discovered an intramural haematoma in the extracranial internal carotid artery. MR angiography of the supra-aortic trunks and CT angiography of the aorta showed arterial dilations, aneurysms, dissections, and intramural hematomas in the internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and arteries in the splanchnic territory. These findings raised suspicion of segmental arterial mediolysis. After 6 months of treatment with antiplatelet drugs, the arterial involvement resolved.

Segmental arterial mediolysis is an uncommon disease; low clinical suspicion and radiologists’ lack of knowledge about this entity mean that it can go undetected or be confused with other vasculitides. This report describes the most relevant pathophysiological findings and correlates them with the imaging findings.

Keywords:
Vascular diseases
Aneurysms
Dissection
Diagnosis
Vasculitis
Resumen

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 51 años con esclerosis múltiple en la que de forma incidental se observó un haematoma intramural en la arteria carótida interna extracraneal en una resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral de control por su enfermedad de base. Adicionalmente se realizó una angio-RM de troncos supraaórticos y una angiografía por tomografía computarizada de aorta, donde se observó la presencia de dilataciones arteriales, aneurismas, disecciones y hematomas intramurales de las arterias carótidas internas, arterias vertebrales y arterias del territorio esplácnico. Estos hallazgos condujeron a la sospecha de mediolisis arterial segmentaria. Seis meses después, tras tratamiento antiagregante, la afectación arterial se autorresolvió. La mediolisis arterial segmentaria es una patología infrecuente, lo que unido a la baja sospecha clínica y al desconocimiento de esta entidad por parte de los radiólogos hace que pueda pasar desapercibida o ser confundida con otras vasculitis. En esta comunicación, se describen los hallazgos fisiopatológicos más relevantes y su correlación con las pruebas de imagen.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedades vasculares
Aneurismas
Disección
Diagnóstico
Vasculitis

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