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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Quantitative analysis of chest CT with deep learning to assess the efficacy of t...
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Vol. 165. Issue 6.
(December 2025)
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Vol. 165. Issue 6.
(December 2025)
Original article
Quantitative analysis of chest CT with deep learning to assess the efficacy of tofacitinib in the treatment of anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis
Análisis cuantitativo de la TC torácica con deep learning para evaluar la eficacia de tofacitinib en el tratamiento de la dermatomiositis anti-MDA5+
Na Youa, Xuan Caoa, Hualing Niea, Tong Sub, Hua Songa, Ziyi Jina, Xiaoyan Xinb,
Corresponding author
xinxy98@163.com

Corresponding authors.
, Dandan Wanga,
Corresponding author
dandanwangffd@nju.edu.cn

Corresponding authors.
, Lingyun Suna
a Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
b Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Comparison of clinical characteristics between the two groups of patients.
Tables
Table 2. Multivariate analysis of factors affecting mortality in patients with anti-MDA5+ DM.
Tables
Table 3. Reductions in HRCT quantitative analysis for patients.
Tables
Table 4. Comparison of adverse reactions between the two groups.
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Table 5. Comparison of GCs use between the two groups of patients.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

This study aimed to clarify whether quantitative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) analysis can assess the condition of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 positive (anti MDA5+) dermatomyositis (DM) and investigate the efficacy of tofacitinib in the treatment of anti-MDA5+ DM.

Materials and methods

Seventy patients were included in this retrospective study: 39 in the tofacitinib group and 31 in the group without tofacitinib. Patients’ HRCT were uploaded to a deep learning system to assess ILD regression. Based on patients’ quantitative HRCT results, survival and glucocorticoids (GCs) usage, the efficacy of tofacitinib in the treatment of anti-MDA5+ DM were assessed. The safety was assessed by recording the incidence of adverse reactions. Data were analyzed using SPSS26.0 and R4.4.1.

Results

No significant differences for baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups of patients, except for cutaneous involvement. Tofacitinib group showed higher 3-year survival and it was an independent protective factor against mortality. Elevated serum ferritin (>1000μg/L) increased the risk of death. Quantitative HRCT analysis showed a significant reduction in the percentage of whole-lung involvement in the tofacitinib group between the baseline and follow-up. The total lesion volume reduction in the whole lung after treatment was substantially higher in the tofacitinib group. The tofacitinib group had a shorter duration of GCs tapering and a higher risk of EBV infection.

Conclusions

Quantitative HRCT analysis can be used to assess the response of ILD to tofacitinib treatment. Tofacitinib is effective in patients with anti-MDA5+ DM-ILD but increases the risk of infection.

Keywords:
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 positive dermatomyositis
Deep-learning method
Interstitial lung disease
Tofacitinib
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Este estudio tiene como objetivo aclarar si el análisis cuantitativo de la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (HRCT) puede evaluar la condición de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) asociada con la dermatomiositis (DM) con gen 5 positivo asociado a la diferenciación anti-melanoma (anti-MDA5+) e investigar la eficacia del tofacitinib en el tratamiento de la DM anti-MDA5+.

Materiales y métodos

En este estudio retrospectivo se incluyeron 70 pacientes: 39 en el grupo de tofacitinib y 31 en el grupo sin tofacitinib. Las HRCT de los pacientes se cargaron en un sistema de aprendizaje profundo para evaluar la regresión de la EPI. Se evaluó la eficacia de tofacitinib en el tratamiento de la DM anti-MDA5+ a partir de los resultados cuantitativos de la HRCT de los pacientes, la supervivencia y el uso de glucocorticoides (GC). La seguridad se evaluó registrando la incidencia de reacciones adversas. Los datos se analizaron con SPSS® v.26.0 y R4.4.1.

Resultados

No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características basales entre los 2 grupos de pacientes, excepto en la afectación cutánea. El grupo de tofacitinib mostró una mayor supervivencia a 3 años y fue un factor protector independiente frente a la mortalidad. La ferritina sérica elevada (>1.000μg/l) aumentó el riesgo de muerte. El análisis cuantitativo por HRCT mostró una reducción significativa del porcentaje de afectación de todo el pulmón en el grupo de tofacitinib entre el inicio y el seguimiento. La reducción del volumen total de la lesión en todo el pulmón tras el tratamiento fue sustancialmente mayor en el grupo de tofacitinib. El grupo de tofacitinib tuvo una menor duración de la reducción de GC y un mayor riesgo de infección por el VEB.

Conclusiones

El análisis cuantitativo de la TCAR puede utilizarse para evaluar la respuesta de la EPI al tratamiento con tofacitinib. Tofacitinib es eficaz en los pacientes con anti-MDA5+ DM-ILD, pero aumenta el riesgo de infección.

Palabras clave:
Dermatomiositis positiva al gen 5 asociado a la diferenciación antimelanoma
Método de aprendizaje profundo
Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial
Tofacitinib

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