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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Predictive factors of mortality in very old patients visited in Emergency Depart...
Journal Information
Vol. 164. Issue 7.
Pages 341-349 (April 2025)
Vol. 164. Issue 7.
Pages 341-349 (April 2025)
Original article
Predictive factors of mortality in very old patients visited in Emergency Department and admitted for infection
Factores predictivos de mortalidad de los pacientes muy añosos que se visitan en urgencias e ingresan por infección
Míriam Carbó Díez, Gina Osorio Quispe, Lourdes Artajona García, Marie Anette Arce Marañón, Natalia Miota Hernández, Dora Sempertegui Gutiérrez, Milagrosa Perea Gainza, María del Mar Ortega Romero
Corresponding author
mortega@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
Área de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Description of the series of patients included in the study (percentages are calculated with respect to the total column).
Tables
Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictors of mortality at the end of the episode (from ED visit to discharge, n = 987; percentages are calculated with respect to the column total).
Tables
Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictors of sepsis and septic shock in the patients included in the study (n valid = 983; percentages are calculated with respect to the total column).
Tables
Table 4. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
Tables
Table 5. Cox regression.
Tables
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Abstract
Objective

To describe mortality predictive factors in patients 80 years or older with infection who were visited at the emergency department and were admitted to hospital.

Methods

Retrospective observational study. Patients ≥ 80 years old who visited the emergency department (January 1st to December 31st, 2022), whose main diagnosis was infection and required admission, were included. Factors associated with mortality at the end of the episode were determined.

Results

987 patients were included (mean age 87 years, 53% women). Mortality at the end of the episode was 13% (n = 127). Median survival of the series was 52 days (95% CI: 44–60). The independent factors related to mortality were: age (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03–1.11; p < 0.001), frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale, CFS) (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.15–1.97; p = 0.003), qSOFA (HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07–1.70; p = 0.01), SOFA (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.15–1.38; p < 0.001), leukocyte count (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; p < 0.001) and criteria for sepsis and/or septic shock (HR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.63–3.87; p < 0.001). On the contrary, any type of microbiological isolation was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.29 – 0.64; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

qSOFA and SOFA scores, the sepsis and septic shock criteria, as well as frailty are predictive factors of poor prognosis in very elderly patients who come to the emergency room due to infection. Knowing frailty would allow us to adapt the treatment and therapeutic effort to the patient&apos;s characteristics.

Keywords:
Very elderly
Frailty
Sepsis
Mortality
Emergency department
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir los factores predictivos de mortalidad de los pacientes muy añosos que acuden a urgencias por infección y requieren ingreso.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los pacientes con una edad ≥ 80 años visitados en urgencias (1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2022), cuyo diagnóstico principal fue infección y requirieron ingreso. Se determinaron los factores asociados a mortalidad al final del episodio.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 987 pacientes (edad media 87 años, 53% mujeres). La mortalidad al final del episodio fue del 13% (n = 127). La supervivencia media de la serie fue de 52 días (IC95%: 44–60). Los factores independientes relacionados con mortalidad fueron: edad (HR: 1,07; IC95%: 1,03 – 1,11; p < 0,001), fragilidad (Clinical Frailty Scale, CFS) (HR: 1,51; IC95%: 1,15 – 1,97; p = 0,003), qSOFA (HR: 1,35; IC95%: 1,07 – 1,70; p = 0,01), SOFA (HR: 1,23; IC95%: 1,15 – 1,38; p < 0,001), cifra de leucocitos (HR: 1,04; IC95%: 1,02 – 1,06; p < 0,001) y criterios de sepsis - shock séptico (HR: 2,52; IC95%: 1,63 – 3,87; p < 0,001). Por el contrario, el diagnóstico microbiológico se asoció a menor mortalidad (HR: 0,44; IC95%: 0,29 – 0,64; p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

Los indicadores qSOFA, SOFA, los criterios de sepsis y shock séptico, así como la fragilidad, son factores predictivos de mal pronóstico en los pacientes muy añosos que acuden a urgencias por infección. Determinar la fragilidad nos permitiría adecuar el tratamiento y el esfuerzo terapéutico en urgencias a las características del paciente.

Palabras clave:
Paciente muy añoso
Fragilidad
Sepsis
Mortalidad
Urgencias

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