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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Evolution of arterial stiffness and association with cardiovascular risk factors...
Journal Information
Vol. 164. Issue 9.
Pages 461-469 (May 2025)
Vol. 164. Issue 9.
Pages 461-469 (May 2025)
Original article
Evolution of arterial stiffness and association with cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish population. Follow-up to the study EVA
Evolución de la rigidez arterial y asociación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población española. Seguimiento del estudio EVA
David González Falcóna,1,
Corresponding author
gonzalezfalcondavid@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Leticia Gómez-Sánchezb,1, Marta Gómez-Sánchezc, Emiliano Rodríguez-Sáncheza,d,e, Olaya Tamayo-Moralesb,d, Cristina Lugones-Sánchezb,d, Susana González-Sánchezb,d, Moises Diazf,1, Manuel A. Gómez-Marcosa,d,e,1, on behalf of the EVA Study Investigators
a Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
b Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario de La Paz, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Hospitalización a Domicilio, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
d Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) Salamanca, Spain
e Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
f Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación en Comunicaciones (IdeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. General characteristics of subjects at baseline and at 5-year follow-up, overall and by gender.
Tables
Table 2. Differences in stiffness measurements between baseline and 5-year assessment overall and by sexes.
Tables
Table 3. Differences between the two measures of vascular function in individuals with and without CVRFs and between those treated and untreated with antihypertensive drugs, in the total sample and by sex.
Tables
Table 4. Cardiovascular risk factors associated with increased vascular function parameters. Multiple regression analysis.
Tables
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Introduction and objectives

To analyse the increase of arterial stiffness over a five-year period and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and sex-based differences in a Spanish population without cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Longitudinal study. Analysis of the increase in arterial stiffness measures evaluated with SphygmoCor and Vasera of 480 subjects followed for 5 years of the 501 subjects included in the baseline evaluation, selected through random sampling stratified by age and sex, mean age of 55.9 years, 50.3% women.

Results

Increases per year: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), 0.22 (SD 0.36) m/sec, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), 0.18 (SD 0.30) m/sec, Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), 0.04 (SD 0.18) and Central Augmentation Index (CAI), 0.38 (SD 2.66). Multiple regression, increases in cf-PWV and ba-PWV showed an association with mean arterial pressure in global (β = 0.02; β = −0.02) and in men (β = 0.02; β = −0.03). In women, increases in ba-PWV and CAVI showed a negative association with BMI (β = −0.06; β = −0.03).

Conclusions

The four measures of RA increase over five years globally and by sex. These increases differ according to the measure used, age, sex and associated CRF. Hypertensive people has greater increases in ba-PWV in global and by sex. The average blood pressure is associated with increases in cf-PWV and ba-PWV in global and in men. BMI is negatively associated with increases in ba-PWV and CAVI in women.

Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT02623894).

Keywords:
Arterial stiffness
Cardiovascular risk factors
Prospective study
Spanish population
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Analizar el incremento de la rigidez arterial durante cinco años, su asociación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y diferencias por sexo en población española sin enfermedad cardiovascular.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo longitudinal. Análisis del incremento de las medidas de rigidez arterial evaluadas con SphygmoCor y Vasera de 480 sujetos seguidos durante 5 años de los 501 sujetos incluidos en la evaluación basal, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado por edad y sexo.

Resultados

Los incrementos por año de las medidas de rigidez arterial han sido: velocidad de onda de pulso carótida-femoral (VOP-CF), 0,22 (DE 0,36) m/seg, velocidad de onda de pulso brazo-tobillo (VOP-BT), 0,18 (DE 0,30) m/seg, índice corazón-tobillo (ICT), 0,04 (DE 0,18) e índice de aumento central (IAC), 0,38 (DE 2,66). Los incrementos de VOP-CF y VOP-BT mostraron asociación con presión arterial media en global (β = 0,02; β=-0,02), y en hombres (β = 0,02; β=-0,03), En mujeres, los incrementos de la VOP-BT y del ICT mostraron asociación negativa con el IMC (β=-0,06; β=-0,03).

Conclusiones

Las cuatro medidas de RA aumentan a lo largo de cinco años en global y por sexos. Dichos incrementos difieren según: medida utilizada, edad, sexo y FRCV asociados. Los hipertensos presentan mayores incrementos de VOP-BT en global y por sexo. La presión arterial media se asocia con incrementos de VOP-CF y VOP-BT en global y en hombres. El IMC se asocia de manera negativa con incrementos de VOP-BT e ICT en mujeres.

Estudio registrado en ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT02623894).

Palabras clave:
Rigidez arterial
Factores riesgo cardiovascular
Estudio prospectivo
Población española

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