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Journal of Healthcare Quality Research Cataract care process: Systematic review of clinical guidelines and synthesis of...
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Vol. 40. Issue 6.
(November - December 2025)
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Vol. 40. Issue 6.
(November - December 2025)
Review article
Cataract care process: Systematic review of clinical guidelines and synthesis of recommendations
Proceso de cuidado de la catarata: revisión sistemática de guías clínicas y síntesis de recomendaciones
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M. García Anguasa,
Corresponding author
m.garciaanguas@um.es

Corresponding author.
, A.M. Seva-Llorb, R. Cabrera Beyroutic
a Murcia University, Nursing Care Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
b Murcia University, Advanced Nursing Care ENFERAVANZA, Pascual Parrilla Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research, Alicante, Spain
c Vega Baja Hospital, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (Fisabio), Alicante, Spain
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Table 1. Characteristics and scope.
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Table 2. Percentage scores of AGREE-II instrument domains by two evaluators.
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Table 3. Number of recommendations by area and guideline.
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Table 4. Summary of relevant recommendations (evidence level 1, recommendation strength A).
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Abstract
Introduction

In 2020, 94 million people worldwide had moderate to severe visual impairment or blindness due to cataracts, particularly among older adults. The allocation of resources and appropriate strategies are essential for effective healthcare management that can control costs and improve patients’ quality of life. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) help reduce variability in care.

Objective

To analyze, compare, and synthesize recommendations from multiple guidelines on the same topic in order to identify consistencies, discrepancies, and opportunities for improvement.

Methods

Websites of international organizations, scientific societies, and various databases such as PubMed, WoS, and Cinahl were reviewed. A systematic review identified five high-quality CPGs for cataract management, with recommendations covering diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative follow-up.

Results

Although some variability was found, common recommendations were identified. Two widely agreed upon recommendations stood out: avoiding routine preoperative medical tests for local anesthesia, as they do not reduce complications, and using intracameral antibiotics (cefuroxime/moxifloxacin) for infection prevention, supported by high-level evidence, among others. The guideline developed by the American Academy of Ophthalmology – Cataract in the Adult Eye Preferred Practice Pattern – was found to be the most valid and useful.

Conclusion

Standardizing high-evidence recommendations can improve clinical decision-making, reduce variability, and enhance patient outcomes. This study highlights the need for better implementation strategies and patient-centered education to improve adherence to care.

Keywords:
Guideline
Phacoemulsification
Cataract
Perioperative care
Clinical practice
Resumen
Introducción

En 2020, 94 millones de personas en el mundo presentaban discapacidad visual moderada a severa o ceguera por cataratas, especialmente en adultos mayores. La asignación de recursos y las estrategias adecuadas son esenciales para una gestión sanitaria eficaz que permita controlar los costos y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Las Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) ayudan a reducir la variabilidad en la atención.

Objetivo

Analizar, comparar y sintetizar las recomendaciones de múltiples guías sobre el mismo tema para identificar consistencias, discrepancias y oportunidades de mejora.

Métodos

Se revisaron sitios web de organizaciones internacionales, páginas de sociedades científicas y diversas bases de datos, como PubMed, WoS y Cinahl. Una revisión sistemática identificó cinco GPC de alta calidad para el manejo de cataratas, cuyas recomendaciones abarcan diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento posquirúrgico.

Resultados

Aunque se encontró variabilidad, se identificaron recomendaciones comunes. Destacan dos ampliamente consensuadas: evitar exámenes médicos preoperatorios rutinarios para anestesia local, ya que no reducen complicaciones, y usar antibióticos intracamerales (cefuroxima/moxifloxacino) para la prevención de infecciones, respaldado por evidencia de alto nivel, entre otras. La guía desarrollada por la American Academy of Ophthalmology – Cataract in the Adult Eye Preferred Practice Pattern, fue la más válida y útil.

Conclusión

Estandarizar las recomendaciones con alta evidencia puede mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, reducir la variabilidad y mejorar los resultados en los pacientes. Este estudio resalta la necesidad de mejores estrategias de implementación y educación centrada en el paciente para mejorar la adherencia a la atención.

Palabras clave:
Guía
Facoemulsificación
Catarata
Atención perioperatoria
Práctica clínica

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