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Vol. 30. Núm. S1.
Daptomicina en las infecciones causadas por bacterias grampositivas
Páginas 54-58 (Febrero 2012)
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Vol. 30. Núm. S1.
Daptomicina en las infecciones causadas por bacterias grampositivas
Páginas 54-58 (Febrero 2012)
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Tratamiento con daptomicina en pacientes diabéticos
Daptomycin in diabetic patients
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3685
Miguel Montejo
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, España
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Resumen

En los pacientes diabéticos la prevalencia de portador de Staphylococcus aureus en piel o nasal es alta, lo que se asocia con un incremento del riesgo para presentar infecciones locales o sistémicas y, por tanto, un aumento de la morbimortalidad. Los microorganismos responsables en la mayoría de las infecciones en las úlceras y pie diabético son S. aureus y Streptococcus pyogenes, aunque las infecciones crónicas del pie diabético generalmente son polimicrobianas, incluyendo Pseudomonas aeruginosa y enterobacterias. En este trabajo se recoge la experiencia con daptomicina en el tratamiento de las complicaciones infecciosas más frecuentes que presentan los pacientes diabéticos. En el registro CORE (Cubicin Outcomes Registry and Experience) se observaron 60 pacientes con infección de piel y tejidos blandos tratados con daptomicina, obteniéndose éxito terapéutico en el 83% de los casos. Otros estudios recientes que comparan daptomicina con vancomicina o penicilinas semisintéticas han demostrado también la eficacia y seguridad de daptomicina, con tasas de curación de entre el 70–80% de los casos. En el registro europeo (EUCORE), en los pacientes diabéticos que desarrollaron bacteriemia o endocarditis por grampositivos y que habían recibido daptomicina, se obtuvo éxito en el 76,8 y el 72%, respectivamente. En un estudio que comparaba daptomicina o terapia estándar con vancomicina en infección por S. aureus resistente a la meticilina o penicilina antiestafilocócica en infecciones por S. aureus sensible a la meticilina en diabéticos con bacteriemia o endocarditis, no se encontraron diferencias significativas. La rápida acción bactericida y escasos efectos secundarios hacen que daptomicina sea un antimicrobiano atractivo en el tratamiento de infecciones por grampositivos que presentan los pacientes diabéticos, bien en monoterapia o en asociación con otros fármacos.

Palabras clave:
Daptomicina
Grampositivos
Diabetes
Piel y tejidos blandos
Bacteriemia
Endocarditis
Biopelículas
Abstract

In diabetic patients, there is a high prevalence of skin or nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, which is associated with an increased risk of local or systemic infections and consequently with greater morbidity and mortality. The microorganisms causing most infections in diabetic ulcers and diabetic foot are S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, although chronic diabetic foot infections are generally polymicrobial, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteria. The present article describes experience with daptomycin in the treatment of the most frequent infectious complications in diabetic patients. The Cubicin Outcomes Registry and Experience (CORE) registry contains information on 60 patients with skin and soft tissue infections treated with daptomycin, with a success rate of 83%. Other recent studies comparing daptomycin with vancomycin or semi-synthetic penicillins have also shown the efficacy and safety of daptomycin with cure rates of between 70% and 80%. In the European version of the CORE registry, the EUROCORE, diabetic patients who developed bacteremia or endocarditis due to Gram-positive pathogens and who received daptomycin showed success rates of 76.8% and 72%, respectively. No significant differences were found in a study comparing daptomycin or standard therapy with vancomycin in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or antistaphylococcal penicillin in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in diabetic patients with bacteremia or endocarditis. Because of its rapid bactericidal action and scarce adverse effects, daptomycin is an attractive antimicrobial agent in the treatment of Gram-positive infections in diabetic patients, whether in monotherapy or in association with other agents.

Keywords:
Daptomycin
Gram-positive
Diabetes
Skin and soft tissues
Bacteremia
Endocarditis
Biofilms
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