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Cirugía Española (English Edition) Antithrombotic prophylaxis use and incidence of venous thromboembolism in lung c...
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Vol. 103. Issue 4.
Pages 195-200 (April 2025)
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Vol. 103. Issue 4.
Pages 195-200 (April 2025)
Original article
Antithrombotic prophylaxis use and incidence of venous thromboembolism in lung cancer surgery: An observational retrospective study
Profilaxis antitrombótica e incidencia de tromboembolismo venoso en cirugía de cáncer de pulmón: estudio observacional retrospectivo
Tomás Rubioa, María Ibáñezb, Clara Fernández-Ariasb, Manuel Carrascob, Alma Queraltb, María Rodríguezc, Pedro Ruiz-Artachod,e, Ramón Lecumberrib,f,
Corresponding author
rlecumber@unav.es

Corresponding author.
a School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
b Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
c Thoracic Surgery Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
d Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
e Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
f Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Table 1. Baseline characteristics and outcomes.
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Table 2. Characteristics of VTE episodes.
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Abstract
Introduction

Extended thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for 28 days is recommended in patients undergoing major abdominal or pelvic cancer surgery, but the evidence for thoracic cancer surgery is weak. We aimed to evaluate the use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients undergoing lung cancer surgery in daily clinical practice.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation of a cohort of consecutive adult patients who had undergone lung cancer surgery. Patients were followed for 90 days after surgery.

Results

From 2000 to 2023, 405 patients were included (69% males; mean age 63.5 ± 10.1 years). Overall, 97.3% of the patients received LMWH thromboprophylaxis, with a median duration of 6 days (range, 1–30 days). Thromboprophylaxis use increased over time (from 94.9% in the period 2000–2012 to 99.1% in the period 2013–2023). During follow-up, 6 patients (1.5%) developed a VTE event: 3 isolated lower-limb deep vein thrombosis, and 3 non-fatal pulmonary embolism. Median time between surgery and the thrombotic event was 17.5 days (range, 4–78 days). Concomitant epidural analgesia and shorter hospital stay were associated with a lower risk of VTE. Three patients (0.7%) died during follow-up, none of them due to a VTE event.

Conclusions

While extended thromboprophylaxis could be considered for certain high-risk thoracic surgery cancer patients, our results do not support its widespread use due to the low rate of VTE after lung cancer surgery. More studies are needed to identify subgroups of patients that could benefit from tailored thromboprophylaxis strategies.

Keywords:
Lung cancer
Surgery
Venous thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Prophylaxis
Resumen
Introducción

La trombropofilaxis extendida con heparina de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) durante 28 días está recomendada en cirugía oncológica mayor abdominal o pélvica. La evidencia en cirugía oncológica torácica es débil. Hemos evaluado el uso de tromboprofilaxis farmacológica y la incidencia de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual en pacientes intervenidos por cáncer de pulmón.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico de pacientes adultos consecutivos intervenidos por cáncer de pulmón, seguidos durante 90 días tras la cirugía.

Resultados

Entre 2000 y 2023 se incluyeron 405 pacientes (69% varones; edad media 63,5 ± 10,1 años). Globalmente, el 97,3% de los pacientes recibieron tromboprofilaxis con HBPM, con una mediana de duración de 6 días (rango, 1-30 días). El uso de la tromboprofilaxis aumentó a lo largo del tiempo (de 94,9% en el periodo 2000-2012 a 99,1% en el periodo 2013-2023). Durante el seguimiento 6 pacientes (1,5%) desarrollaron un episodio de TEV, 3 trombosis venosas profundas aisladas de extremidades inferiores y 3 embolias de pulmón no fatales. La mediana de tiempo entre la cirugía y el evento trombótico fue 17,5 días (rango, 4-78 días). El empleo de anestesia epidural y la menor estancia hospitalaria se asociaron con un menor riesgo de TEV. Durante el seguimiento fallecieron 3 pacientes (0,7%), ninguno de ellos como consecuencia de una complicación trombótica.

Conclusiones

Nuestros resultados no apoyan el empleo sistemático de la tromboprofilaxis farmacológica extendida tras cirugía por cáncer de pulmón. Se precisan estudios adicionales para identificar subgrupos de pacientes que se beneficiarían de estrategias de tromboprofilaxis individualizadas.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Cirugía
Trombosis venosa
Embolia pulmonar
Profilaxis

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