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Cirugía Española (English Edition) Predictive pre-surgical factors for failure of sleeve gastrectomy as an obesity ...
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Vol. 103. Issue 8.
(August 2025)
Original article
Predictive pre-surgical factors for failure of sleeve gastrectomy as an obesity surgery
Factores prequirúrgicos predictivos de fracaso de la gastrectomía vertical como cirugía de la obesidad
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Ibabe Villalabeitia Atecaa,
Corresponding author
, Aingueru Sarriugarte Lasartea, Borja Santos Zorrozuab, Oihane Gutiérrez Grijalbaa, Patricia Mifsut Porcela, Gaizka Errazti Olartekoetxeaa
a General Surgery and Digestive System, University Hospital Cruces, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
b Biostatistics - Scientific Coordination, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria BioBizkaia, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
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Table 1. Clinical pathological characteristics of the patients included in the study based on sex.
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Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors at year 3 to achieve an EBMIL % >65%.
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Abstract
Introduction

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure. However, long-term outcomes are heterogeneous due to the influence of multiple factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of various psychosocial and demographic factors on medium-term weight loss outcomes.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study of a prospective, single-centre series of patients who underwent GV surgery between 2011 and 2020, with a minimum follow-up of 5 years; Failure was defined as EBMIL% <65%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were developed to identify potential predictors of poor outcomes. A predictive nomogram was designed.

Results

A total of 324 patients were analysed, 74% were women. Most patients were married (64.1%), had medium or higher education levels (73%), and belonged to a low-to-middle socioeconomic class (64.26%). High vulnerability (64.13%) and low physical activity levels (97.44%) were common. Anxiety/depressive syndrome was more prevalent in women (55.88% vs. 36.49%; p < 0.05), whereas metabolic syndrome was more frequent in men (43.9% vs. 28.51%; p = 0.015). Factors associated with weight loss failure included marital status, socioeconomic level, vulnerability, and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

SG achieves significant weight loss at 5 years post-surgery. Psychosocial factors such as socioeconomic status, marital status, and vulnerability significantly influence surgical outcomes. Pre-surgical evaluation is essential to identify patients at higher risk of failure, enabling targeted therapies to improve success rates.

Keywords:
Sleeve gastrectomy
Predictive factors
Biopsychosocial
Resumen
Introducción

La gastrectomía vertical (GV) es la técnica más empleada, no obstante, los resultados a largo plazo son heterogéneos debido a la influencia de múltiples factores. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto que tienen los diferentes factores psicosociales y demográficos en los resultados ponderales a medio plazo.

Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo de una serie prospectiva y unicéntrica de pacientes intervenidos de GV entre 2011 y 2020, con un seguimiento mínimo de 5 años; considerando fracaso %EIMCP < 65%. Se ha creado un modelo de regresión logística univariante y multivariante para la identificación de posibles factores de mal pronóstico. Se ha diseñado un nomograma predictivo.

Resultados

Se analizaron 324 pacientes, siendo el 74% mujeres. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban casados (64,1%), tenían estudios medios o superiores (73%); con una clase socioeconómica media-baja (64,26%). Se observó alta vulnerabilidad (64,13%) y un bajo nivel de actividad física (97,44%). El síndrome ansioso/depresivo fue más frecuente en mujeres (55,88% vs. 36,49%; p < 0,05), mientras que el síndrome metabólico prevaleció en hombres (43,9% vs. 28,51%; p = 0,015). Las variables que han mostrado relación con el fracaso ponderan han sido el estado civil, el nivel económico, la vulnerabilidad y el síndrome metabólico (p < 0,05).

Conclusión

La GV es una técnica que logra una adecuada pérdida ponderal a cinco años. Factores psicosociales como nivel socioeconómico, estado civil y vulnerabilidad influyen en los resultados quirúrgicos. Es imprescindible realizar una evaluación prequirúrgica para identificar pacientes con mayor riesgo de fracaso y poder aplicar terapias dirigidas para aumentar la tasa de éxito.

Palabras clave:
Gastrectomía vertical
Factores predictivos
Biopsicosocial
Graphical abstract

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