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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Speech discrimination and binaural processing in bilateral symmetric vs. asymmet...
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
(September - October 2025)
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
(September - October 2025)
Original article
Speech discrimination and binaural processing in bilateral symmetric vs. asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss
Discriminación del Habla y Procesamiento Binaural en la Pérdida Auditiva Neurosensorial Bilateral Simétrica vs. Asimétrica
Mai El Ghazaly, Esraa Meckawy
Corresponding author
esraameckawy@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Hesham Kozou, Doaa Elmoazen
Audio-Vestibular Medicine Unit, Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Figures (2)
Tables (6)
Table 1. The pure-tone and speech audiometry data of patients with SSNHL and ASNHL.
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Table 2. Comparison of the SDSmax of the better-hearing ears of ASNHL patients with those of mild and moderate SSNHL ears.
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Table 3. Comparison of the SDSmax of the worse-hearing ears of ASNHL patients with those of moderate and moderately severe SSNHL ears.
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Table 4. Free recall double DDT better- and worse-hearing ears correct scores (%) of SSNHL and ASNHL patient groups.
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Table 5. The difference between the free recall DDT better- and worse-hearing ears correct scores (%) of SSNHL and ASNHL patient groups.
Tables
Table 6. Comparison of binaural fusion test correct scores (%) of SSNHL and ASNHL patient groups.
Tables
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the effects of symmetric and asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL and ASNHL) on speech discrimination abilities and binaural processing, including integration and interaction.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study included 36 adult patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, divided into two groups based on the symmetry of their hearing loss: ASNHL and SSNHL. Speech discrimination abilities were evaluated using the maximum speech discrimination score (SDSmax) with Arabic monosyllabic words. Binaural integration was assessed using the free-recall double dichotic digit test (DDT), while binaural interaction was evaluated through the binaural fusion test (BFT).

Results

The SDSmax of the worse-hearing ear in ASNHL patients (48.89 ± 10.13%) was significantly lower than in SSNHL patients (69.33 ± 7.97%) with comparable degrees of hearing loss. ASNHL patients exhibited a greater disparity between the better and worse-hearing ears in DDT scores (53.15 ± 13.98%) compared to SSNHL patients (22.96 ± 5.93%). Additionally, the BFT scores in ASNHL patients (55.14 ± 13.30%) were significantly lower than in SSNHL patients (72.92 ± 12.55%).

Conclusions

ASNHL patients experience greater impairments in speech discrimination, binaural integration, and interaction compared to SSNHL patients. These differences likely stem from auditory deprivation and asymmetry-induced deficits. Developing tailored hearing rehabilitation strategies is critical to addressing the unique challenges posed by asymmetric hearing loss.

Keywords:
Asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss
Symmetric sensorineural hearing loss
Speech discrimination
Dichotic digit test
Binaural fusion test
Binaural processing
List of abbreviations:
AC
ASNHL
BC
BFT
dB HL
DDT
EA
HL
MCL
MRI
LEA
LES
PTA
REA
RES
RL-gap
SDS
SDSmax
SNHL
SRT
SSNHL
Resumen
Objetivo

Investigar los efectos de la pérdida auditiva neurosensorial simétrica y asimétrica (SSNHL y ASNHL) en las habilidades de discriminación del habla y el procesamiento binaural, incluyendo integración e interacción.

Materiales y métodos

Este estudio transversal incluyó a 36 pacientes adultos con pérdida auditiva neurosensorial bilateral, divididos en dos grupos según la simetría de su pérdida auditiva: ASNHL y SSNHL. Las habilidades de discriminación del habla se evaluaron mediante la puntuación máxima de discriminación del habla (SDSmax) utilizando palabras monosilábicas en árabe. La integración binaural se evaluó con la prueba dicótica de dígitos de recuerdo libre (DDT), mientras que la interacción binaural se analizó mediante la prueba de fusión binaural (BFT).

Resultados

El SDSmax del oído con peor audición en pacientes con ASNHL (48,89 ± 10,13%) fue significativamente menor que en pacientes con SSNHL (69,33 ± 7,97%) con grados de pérdida auditiva comparables. Los pacientes con ASNHL mostraron una mayor disparidad entre los oídos con mejor y peor audición en las puntuaciones del DDT (53,15 ± 13,98%) en comparación con los pacientes con SSNHL (22,96 ± 5,93%). Además, las puntuaciones del BFT en pacientes con ASNHL (55,14 ± 13,30%) fueron significativamente más bajas que en los pacientes con SSNHL (72,92 ± 12,55%).

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con ASNHL presentan mayores déficits en la discriminación del habla, la integración binaural y la interacción en comparación con los pacientes con SSNHL. Estas diferencias probablemente se deban a la privación auditiva y a los déficits inducidos por la asimetría. Es fundamental desarrollar estrategias de rehabilitación auditiva personalizadas para abordar los desafíos específicos que plantea la pérdida auditiva asimétrica.

Palabras clave:
Pérdida auditiva neurosensorial asimétrica
Pérdida auditiva neurosensorial simétrica
Discriminación del habla
Prueba dicótica de dígitos
Prueba de fusión binaural
Procesamiento binaural

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