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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Pediatric maxillary expansion to treat nasal obstruction
Journal Information
Vol. 76. Issue 3.
(May - June 2025)
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Vol. 76. Issue 3.
(May - June 2025)
Original article
Pediatric maxillary expansion to treat nasal obstruction
Expansión maxilar pediátrica para el tratamiento de la obstrucción nasal
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Christian Calvo-Henriqueza,b,
Corresponding author
, Pedro Martínez-Seijasc, Antonino Maniacia,d, Juan Carlos Pérez-Varelae, Sandra Kahnf, Isam Alobidg, Stanley Y. Liuh
a Rhinology Study Group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
b Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
c Service of Maxillofacial surgery, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
d Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, ENT Section, University of Catania, Italy
e Clínica Pérez Varela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
f Private Practice, San Francisco, USA
g Rhinology and Skull base unit, Hospital Clinic, Ciberes, IDIBAPS, Barcelona University, Spain
h Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, CA, USA
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Values of rhinomanometric variables before and after expansion (values with nasal decongestant).
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Table 2. Changes in rhinomanometry after maxillary expansion for subgroups of devices.
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Table 3. Sinus and nasal quality of life survey (SN-5) before and after maxillary expansion.
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Abstract
Objective

An often neglected cause of nasal obstruction is maxillary constriction. Maxillary expansion (ME) has been proven to decrease nasal resistance and increase nasal volume and airflow thus improving nasal obstruction symptoms both in adults and children. However, up to the present, studies have reported on patients with an orthodontic indication for ME, but not being treated for nasal obstruction. In this study we report a case series of pediatric patients who have been diagnosed with nasal obstruction attributed to maxillary constriction and who have been treated with ME.

Methods

Participants were consecutively selected. All children performed anterior active rhinomanometry and SN-5 questionnaire before and after ME. The longest follow-up visit to otolaryngology was recorded for this study. The inclusion criteria were children without adenoid or turbinate enlargement with persistent oral breathing and nasal obstruction confirmed through rhinomanometry. All included children were referred to their odontologist who performed ME only if it was safe for the patient.

Results

23 participants with a mean age of 10.1 (range 6.66–13.27) were included. 78.3% had been previously submitted to surgery to restore or improve nasal breathing. There was a mean decrease in nasal resistance of 0.13 Pa s/cm3, which is a reduction of 34.2% over the mean initial value (P < .001). There was a statistically significant correlation between the amount of expansion and the decrease in nasal resistance (Rho = 0.75; P < .001), and the increase in nasal airflow (rho = 0.71; P < .001). Participants demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in their nasal symptoms measured with the SN5 questionnaire (P = .033).

Conclusions

These are preliminary results that should be managed with caution. Considering previous reports which included ME performed for orthodontic reasons, and the case series herein presented, which includes ME performed for nasal breathing, it seems that ME could be used with this latter objective. Future controlled studies should corroborate these results before producing a general recommendation.

Keywords:
Maxillary expansion
Dentofacial orthopedics
Maxillary constriction
Hyrax
MARPE
McNamara
Expander
Resumen
Objetivo

Una causa a menudo ignorada de la obstrucción nasal es la constricción maxilar. Se ha demostrado que la expansión maxilar (EM) disminuye la resistencia nasal y aumenta el volumen y el flujo de aire nasal, mejorando así los síntomas de obstrucción nasal tanto en adultos como en niños. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, los estudios han informado sobre pacientes con una indicación ortodóntica para la EM, pero no tratados por obstrucción nasal. En este estudio, presentamos una serie de casos de pacientes pediátricos que han sido diagnosticados con obstrucción nasal atribuida a constricción maxilar y que han sido tratados con EM.

Métodos

Los participantes fueron seleccionados de manera consecutiva. Todos los niños se sometieron a rinomanometría anterior activa y al cuestionario SN-5 antes y después de la EM. Para este estudio, se registró la visita de seguimiento más prolongada a otorrinolaringología. Los criterios de inclusión fueron niños sin agrandamiento de adenoides o cornetes, con respiración oral persistente y obstrucción nasal confirmada mediante rinomanometría. Todos los niños incluidos fueron derivados a su odontólogo, quien realizó la EM solo si era seguro para el paciente.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 23 participantes con una edad media de 10.1 años (rango de 6.66–13.27 años). El 78.3% había sido sometido previamente a cirugía para restaurar o mejorar la respiración nasal. Hubo una disminución media en la resistencia nasal de 0.13 Pa s/cm³, lo que representa una reducción del 34.2% sobre el valor inicial promedio (P < .001). Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la cantidad de expansión y la disminución de la resistencia nasal (Rho = 0.75; P < .001), y el aumento del flujo de aire nasal (rho = 0.71; P < .001). Los participantes demostraron una disminución estadísticamente significativa en sus síntomas nasales medidos con el cuestionario SN5 (P = .033).

Conclusiones

Se trata de resultados preliminares que deben tomarse con cautela. Considerando informes previos que incluyeron EM realizada por razones ortodónticas y la serie de casos aquí presentada, que incluye EM realizada para la respiración nasal, parece que la EM podría utilizarse con este último objetivo. Futuros estudios controlados deberían corroborar estos resultados antes de emitir una recomendación general.

Palabras clave:
Expansión maxilar
Ortopedia dentofacial
Constricción maxilar
Hyrax
MARPE
McNamara
Expansor

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