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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with the occurrence of secon...
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Vol. 76. Issue 3.
(May - June 2025)
Original article
Association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with the occurrence of second neoplasms and their prognostic impact in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma
Relación de la infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH) con la aparición de segundas neoplasias y su repercusión pronóstica en pacientes con carcinoma de orofaringe
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Julia Gayàa, David Rubioa, Cristina Valeroa, Cristina Vázquez-Lópeza, Anna Holgadoa, Miquel Quera,b, Xavier Leóna,b,c,
Corresponding author
xleon@santpau.cat

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
c UVIC. Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
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Table 1. Characteristics of the patients included in the study according to HPV status.
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Table 2. Results of the multivariate analysis considering survival free of a second neoplasm as the dependent variable.
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Table 3. Location of second and subsequent neoplasms according to HPV status of index oropharyngeal tumour.
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Table 4. Summary of the results of studies analysing the occurrence of second neoplasia in oropharyngeal cancers according to HPV status(upper aerodigestive tract).
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Abstract
Introduction

This study analyses the incidence of second neoplasms in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma according to human papillomavirus (HPV) status and its impact on survival.

Material and methods

A retrospective analysis of 583 patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated between 1991 and 2023 was performed. A total of 112 patients (19.2%) had HPV-positive tumours.

Results

During the follow-up, 181 patients (31.0%) had a second neoplasm. The 5-year and 10-year second neoplasm-free survival for HPV-negative patients were 60.5% and 37.5%, significantly lower than in HPV-positive patients, which were 88.2% and 70.8%, respectively (p=.0001). The 84.4% of second and subsequent neoplasms in HPV-negative patients occurred in locations associated with tobacco and alcohol use, compared to 65.5% in HPV-positive patients (p=.001). In comparison to HPV-positive patients with no history of toxics consumption, HPV-positive patients with severe toxics consumption had a significantly higher risk of second neoplasms in locations associated with tobacco and alcohol use (p=.003). The competitive mortality associated with the appearance of second and subsequent neoplasms was significantly higher for patients with HPV-negative tumours (p=.0001).

Conclusions

Patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinomas have a lower risk of second neoplasms and lower competitive mortality associated with the appearance of second neoplasms compared with HPV-negative patients.

Keywords:
Oropharyngeal carcinoma
Second neoplasm
Human papillomavirus
HPV
survival
Resumen
Introducción

Este estudio analiza la incidencia de segundas neoplasias en pacientes con carcinoma de orofaringe según el estatus del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y su impacto en la supervivencia.

Material y métodos

Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 583 pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de orofaringe tratados entre 1991 y 2023, de los cuales 112 (19,2%) presentaron tumores VPH-positivos.

Resultados

Durante el seguimiento, 181 pacientes (31,0%) tuvieron una segunda neoplasia. La supervivencia libre de segunda neoplasia a los 5 y 10 años para los pacientes VPH-negativos fue del 60,5% y 37,5%, significativamente inferior a la de los pacientes VPH-positivos, que fue del 88,2% y 70,8%, respectivamente (P=0,0001). El 84,4% de las segundas neoplasias y neoplasias sucesivas en los pacientes VPH-negativos ocurrió en localizaciones asociadas al consumo de tabaco y alcohol, frente al 65,5% en pacientes VPH-positivos (P=0,001). Tomando como referencia a los pacientes VPH-positivos sin antecedente de consumo de tóxicos, los pacientes con un consumo severo con tumores VPH-positivos tuvieron un riesgo de segundas neoplasias en localizaciones relacionadas con los consumos de tabaco y alcohol significativamente superior (P=0,003). La mortalidad competitiva asociada a la aparición de segundas neoplasias y neoplasias sucesivas fue significativamente más elevada para los pacientes con tumores VPH-negativos (P=0,0001).

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con carcinomas de orofaringe VPH-positivos presentan un menor riesgo de segundas neoplasias y una menor mortalidad competitiva asociada a la aparición de segundas neoplasias en comparación con los pacientes VPH-negativos.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma de orofaringe
Segunda neoplasia
Virus de papiloma humano
VPH
Supervivencia

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