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Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo

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Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo Oxigenoterapia conservadora vs. liberal en pacientes críticos con ventilación ...
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Vol. 25. Núm. 3.
Páginas 451-578 (Julio - Septiembre 2025)
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Vol. 25. Núm. 3.
Páginas 451-578 (Julio - Septiembre 2025)
Original

Oxigenoterapia conservadora vs. liberal en pacientes críticos con ventilación mecánica invasiva. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Conservative vs liberal oxygen therapy in critically ill patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. Systematic review and meta-analysis
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Andrés Esteban Salazar Molinaa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
asalazarm_90@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Héctor Hernández Garcésc, Omar Patricio Bustamante Celleria, Marco Antonio Carangui Urgilésb
a Departamento de Formación Investigativa, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Azogues-Cañar, Ecuador
b Hospital Humanitario San José, Azogues, Ecuador
c Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España
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Resumen
Objetivos

Evaluar los beneficios y riesgos de la oxigenoterapia conservadora frente a la liberal en pacientes con VMI.

Diseño

Revisión sistemática con metaanálisis y TSA de RCT publicados en MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Embase, Scopus y Registro Central de Ensayos Clínicos de Cochrane, hasta diciembre de 2024. Sin restricción de lenguaje.

Población

Pacientes ingresados en UCI con VMI, >18años.

Intervención

Oxigenoterapia conservadora: SatO288-92% y/o PaO2 entre 55-80mmHg; Oxigenoterapia liberal: SatO2≥94% o PaO2≥90mmHg.

Mediciones

Mortalidad global, en UCI, a los 28 y 90 días, las estancias, días libres de ventilación mecánica y complicaciones.

Resultados

Incluimos 10 RCT (n=5.254), que se clasificaron como bajo riesgo de sesgo a excepción de uno. El metaanálisis y TSA no mostraron diferencias entre la estrategia conservadora y la liberal con relación a la mortalidad global (RR 0,98; IC 95%: 0,96-1,01; p=0,29, I2: 0%), UCI (RR 0,99; IC 95%: 0,96-1,02; p=0,41, I2: 7%), 28 días (RR 0,98; IC 95%: 0,95-1,02; p=0,4, I2: 0%, ni 90 días (RR 0,97; IC 95%: 0,94-1,01; p=0,17, I2: 0%). No encontramos diferencias con relación a la estancia hospitalaria y UCI, días libres de ventilación mecánica ni complicaciones. El análisis de subgrupos y sensibilidad no modificó los resultados.

Conclusión

No encontramos efectos benéficos o perjudiciales al comparar una estrategia conservadora con una liberal con relación a todas las causas de mortalidad en los pacientes adultos con VMI. Otros resultados clínicos de interés también fueron comparables entre los dos grupos.

Palabras clave:
Ventilación mecánica
Oxigenoterapia
Tratamiento conservador
Liberal
Revisión sistemática
Abstract
Objectives

To evaluate the benefits and risks of conservative versus liberal oxygen therapy in in patients with IMV.

Design

Systematic review with meta-analysis and TSA of RCTs published in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central of Register of Clinical trials, through December 2024. No language restrictions.

Population

Patients admitted to ICU with IMV, older than 18 years.

Intervention

Conservative oxygen therapy: SatO2 88–92% and/or PaO2 between 55–80mmHg; Liberal oxygen therapy: SatO2 ≥94% or PaO2 ≥90mmHg.

Measurements

Overall mortality, in-ICU mortality, at 28 and 90 days, length of stay, ventilator-free days, and complications.

Results

We included 10 RCTs (n=5254), all of which were classified as low risk of bias, except for one. Meta-analysis and TSA showed no differences between conservative and liberal strategies regarding overall mortality (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96–1.01; p=0.29, I2: 0%), ICU (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.96–1.02; p=0.41, I2: 7%), 28-day (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95–1.02; p=0.4, I2: 0%), or 90-day (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94–1.01; p=0.17, I2: 0%). We found no differences regarding hospital and ICU stay, ventilator-free days, or complications. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis did not modify the results.

Conclusion

We found no beneficial or harmful effects when comparing a conservative versus a liberal strategy with respect to all-cause mortality in adult IMV patients. Other clinical outcomes of interest were also comparable between the two groups.

Keywords:
Mechanical Ventilation
Oxygen Therapy
Conservative Treatment
Liberal
Systematic Review

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