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Inicio Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition) Review of the role of the sentinel node biopsy in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in wo...
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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 63-70 (January - February 2018)
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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 63-70 (January - February 2018)
Continuing Education
Review of the role of the sentinel node biopsy in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer and negative or positive axillary node at diagnosis
Actualización de la biopsia del ganglio centinela tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el cáncer de mama sin y con afectación ganglionar al diagnóstico
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R. Ruano Péreza,
Corresponding author
rruano@saludcastillayleon.es

Corresponding author.
, A.C. Rebollo Aguirreb, P. García-Talavera San Miguelc, R. Díaz Expósitod, S. Vidal-Sicarte, J.M. Cordero Garcíaf, D. Carrera Salazarg, M.E. Rioja Martính, Grupo de Trabajo de Cirugía Radioguiada de la SEMNIM
a Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
c Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
e Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
f Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
g Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
h Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. The most relevant validation studies of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with axilla lymph node involvement pior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment.
Table 2. The most relevant validation studies of the sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in patients with clinical axilla lymph node involvement prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment.
Table 3. Percentagef of false negative results following axillary lymph node dissection based on the method of identification of the positive node biopsied N+.
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Abstract

The role of the selective sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is increasing in relevance in breast cancer women with indication of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The Radiosurgery Working Group of the SEMNIM is aware of the necessity of establishing the need for SNB before or after NAC, and also how to manage patients with axillary node-negative or node-positive. There is sufficient data to assess that the SNB with radioisotope techniques is feasible and safe in all these scenarios. An adequate axilla evaluation prior to surgery and the possibility of marking prior to NAC the nodes infiltrated must be the two main pillars to guarantee the success of the SNB. It has been shown that to incorporate the SNB in breast cancer women with indication of NAC increases the rate of a conservative treatment of the axilla that will be a clear benefit for these patients.

Keywords:
Breast cancer
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Sentinel node
Resumen

Esta actualización pretende contextualizar la relevancia de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) en mujeres con cáncer de mama e indicación de quimioterapia neoadyuvante (QTN). El Grupo de Trabajo de Cirugía Radioguiada de la SEMNIM es consciente de la variabilidad existente en nuestro país sobre todo en cuanto al momento de realizar la técnica (previa o tras la QTN) y en cuanto al manejo de pacientes con axila negativa o positiva al diagnóstico. Existe suficiente experiencia contrastada para aseverar que mediante técnicas radioisotópicas la BSGC es factible, eficaz y segura en estos escenarios. Una adecuada valoración mediante técnicas de imagen de la situación tumoral a nivel de la axila previa a la cirugía y la posibilidad del marcaje previo a la QTN de cualquier ganglio infiltrado deben ser los pilares fundamentales para garantizar el éxito de la BSGC. Es un hecho que incorporar la BSGC en el cáncer de mama con indicación de QTN favorece un tratamiento conservador de la axila, lo cual redunda en claro beneficio de las pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de mama
Quimioterapia neoadyuvante
Ganglio centinela

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