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Inicio Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition) Diagnostic methodology in labelled leukocyte scan for prosthetic / non-prostheti...
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 17-27 (January - February 2022)
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 17-27 (January - February 2022)
Original Article
Diagnostic methodology in labelled leukocyte scan for prosthetic / non-prosthetic osteoarticular infection: Visual or semi-quantitative analysis? One- or two-day protocol?
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Edel Noriega-Álvareza,
Corresponding author
edelnoriega@gmail.com

Corresponding author at: Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Obispo Rafael Torija, s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
, Ana M. García Vicentea, Francisco J. Pena Pardoa, Germán A. Jiménez Londoñoa, Mariano Amo-Salasb, Ana M. Benítez Segurac, María T. Bajén Lázaroc, Jaime Mora Salvadóc, Cristina Gámez Cenzanoc, Ángel M. Soriano Castrejóna
a Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Spain
b Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
c Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Characteristics of the 79 patients.
Table 2. Comparison of visual and semi-quantitative analysis (with Δ% ≥10%) versus final diagnosis in both protocols.
Table 3. Comparison of visual and semi-quantitative analysis statistical data (with Δ% ≥10%) in both protocols in patients with orthopaedics devices.
Table 4. Comparison of visual and semi-quantitative analysis statistical data (with Δ% ≥10%) in both protocols in patients without orthopaedic devices.
Table 5. ROC curves results for visual and semi-quantitative analysis with both protocols in all patients, and separately in groups of patients with and without orthopaedics devices.
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Abstract
Objective

as scarce literature on the topic is available, we aimed to compare diagnostic utility of semi-quantitative versus visual analysis in labelled white blood cell scintigraphy (WBCS) for osteoarticular infection. One-day and two-day protocols were assessed, particularly in orthopaedic devices.

Material and methods

prospective study of 79 consecutive patients with suspected osteoarticular infection. In all patients, WBCS were performed at 30min, 4h, 8h and 24h. Images were analysed by grouping in two protocols: one-day-protocol (experts evaluated 30min, 4h and 8h planar images) and two-day-protocol (experts evaluated 30min, 4h and 24h planar images). Planar images were interpreted qualitative and semiquantitatively and also were compared grouping patients with and without orthopaedic devices. To find which cut-off value of the percentage variation could predict of osteoarticular infection, multiple cut-off values were calculated in both protocols from the Youden index. Three blinded readers analysed the images.

Results

Comparing final diagnosis visual analysis of the one-day-protocol provided better results with sensitivity of 95.5%, specificity of 93% and diagnostic accuracy of 93.7% (p<001) than the two-day-protocol with values of 86.4%, 94.7% and 92.4%, respectively (p<001). For semi-quantitative analysis, the one-day-protocol also obtained better results with sensitivity of 72.7%, specificity of 78.9% and accuracy of 77.2% (p<001) than two-day-protocol (no significant results; p=0.14), especially in the group of patients with orthopaedic devices (sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 79.5% and accuracy of 82.7%; p<001).

Conclusions

most accurate approach in the diagnosis of osteoarticular infection corresponded to visual analysis in one-day-protocol that showed greater sensitivity and specificity than semi-quantitative analysis. Semi-quantitative analysis only could be useful when visual analysis is doubtful. In patients with joint prostheses, an increase in percentage variation above 9% obtained maximum sensitivity and negative predictive value.

Keywords:
One-Day-Protocol
Two-Day-Protocol
Semi-Quantitative analysis
Visual analysis
Labelled white blood cell scintigraphy
Orthopaedic devices
Resumen
Objetivo

como hay poca literatura sobre el tema, nos propusimos comparar la utilidad diagnóstica del análisis semicuantitativo versus el análisis visual en la escintigrafía de glóbulos blancos etiquetados (WBCS) para la infección osteoarticular. Se evaluaron protocolos de uno y dos días, en particular en los dispositivos ortopédicos.

Material y métodos

estudio prospectivo de 79 pacientes consecutivos con sospecha de infección osteoarticular. En todos los pacientes, la SCBM se realizó a los 30min, 4h, 8h y 24h. Las imágenes se analizaron agrupándolas en dos protocolos: protocolo de un día (los expertos evaluaron imágenes planas de 30min, 4h y 8h) y protocolo de dos días (los expertos evaluaron imágenes planas de 30min, 4h y 24h). Las imágenes planas se interpretaron cualitativa y semicuantitativamente y también se compararon agrupando a los pacientes con y sin dispositivos ortopédicos. Para determinar qué valor de corte de la variación porcentual podía predecir la infección osteoarticular, se calcularon múltiples valores de corte en ambos protocolos a partir del índice de Youden. Tres lectores ciegos analizaron las imágenes.

Los resultados

Comparando el diagnóstico final, el análisis visual del protocolo de un día proporcionó mejores resultados con una sensibilidad del 95,5%, una especificidad del 93% y una precisión diagnóstica del 93,7% (p<0,01) que el protocolo de dos días con valores del 86,4%, 94,7% y 92,4%, respectivamente (p<0,01). Para el análisis semicuantitativo, el protocolo de un día también obtuvo mejores resultados con una sensibilidad del 72,7%, una especificidad del 78,9% y una precisión del 77,2% (p<0,01) que el protocolo de dos días (sin resultados significativos; p=0,14), especialmente en el grupo de pacientes con aparatos ortopédicos (sensibilidad del 100%, especificidad del 79,5% y precisión del 82,7%; p<0,01).

Conclusiones

el enfoque más preciso en el diagnóstico de la infección osteoarticular correspondió al análisis visual en protocolo de un día que mostró mayor sensibilidad y especificidad que el análisis semicuantitativo. El análisis semicuantitativo sólo podría ser útil cuando el análisis visual es dudoso. En los pacientes con prótesis articulares, un aumento de la variación porcentual por encima del 9% obtuvo una sensibilidad máxima y un valor predictivo negativo.

Palabras clave:
protocolo de un día
protocolo de dos días
análisis semicuantitativo
análisis visual
gammagrafía de glóbulos blancos etiquetada
dispositivos ortopédicos

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