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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Nasal/orotracheal tube switch to reduce length of mechanical ventilation in neur...
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Vol. 70. Issue 1.
Pages 1-64 (January 2023)
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Vol. 70. Issue 1.
Pages 1-64 (January 2023)
Original article

Nasal/orotracheal tube switch to reduce length of mechanical ventilation in neurocritical patients: A propensity score matched analysis

Sustitución del tubo nasal/orotraqueal para reducir la duración de la ventilación mecánica en pacientes neurocríticos: análisis de emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión
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A. De Cassaia,
Corresponding author
alessandro.decassai@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, G. Andreattab, P. Dianaa, F. Geraldinia, L. Pasina, M. Salvagnob, G. Pancierab, P. Navalesia,b, M. Munaria
a UOC Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
b Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Nasotracheal intubation was advocated to increase patients comfort and tube tolerance, but no study showed a clear benefit of nasotracheal intubation over orotracheal intubation. Neurocritically ill patients are a fragile group with specific requirements regarding ventilation and sedation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether nasotracheal intubation might reduce length of mechanical ventilation in neurocritically ill patients.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study with propensity matched analysis including all patients who underwent prolonged mechanical ventilation in the neurocritical Intensive Care Unit.

Results

A total of 4030 patients were admitted during the period of interest and 312 entered the final analysis. Propensity score analysis identified 74 matched couples. Length of mechanical ventilation in patients who underwent early nasotracheal intubation resulted to be statistically significantly shorter than patients who underwent orotracheal intubation. Accordingly, length of sedation was significantly lower in patients with nasotracheal intubation, while no difference in complications occurred with similar length of stay.

Conclusions

In critical care units using nasotracheal intubation in the standard management of patients, the nasotracheal route was associated with lesser need for sedatives leading to shorter mechanical ventilation in neurocritical patients. However, causality has to be proven by future randomized controlled trials.

Keywords:
Intubation
Mechanical ventilation
Nasotracheal
Orotracheal
Propensity score
Cohort study
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Se ha aducido que la intubación nasotraqueal incrementa la comodidad y la tolerancia al tubo por parte del paciente, aunque ningún estudio ha demostrado un beneficio claro de la intubación nasotraqueal con respecto a la intubación orotraqueal. Los pacientes neurocríticos constituyen un grupo frágil con necesidades específicas, en cuanto a ventilación y sedación.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la intubación nasotraqueal podría reducir la duración de la ventilación mecánica en los pacientes neurocríticos.

Materiales y métodos

Realizamos un estudio prospectivo de cohorte con análisis pareado de propensión, incluyendo a todos los pacientes que recibieron ventilación mecánica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos neurocríticos.

Resultados

Se ingresó a un total de 4.030 pacientes durante el periodo de interés, incluyendo a 312 de ellos en el análisis final. El análisis de la puntuación de propensión identificó a 74 parejas pareadas. La duración de la ventilación mecánica de los pacientes que recibieron intubación nasotraqueal temprana resultó ser significativamente inferior a la de los pacientes que recibieron intubación orotraqueal. Por tanto, la duración de la sedación fue considerablemente inferior en los pacientes con intubación nasotraqueal, y no existió diferencia en cuanto a las complicaciones que se producen con las estancias de duración similar.

Conclusiones

En las unidades de cuidados críticos que utilizan intubación nasotraqueal en el manejo estándar de los pacientes, la vía nasotraqueal estuvo asociada a una menor necesidad de sedantes, lo cual conllevó una ventilación mecánica más breve en los pacientes neurocríticos. Sin embargo, los ensayos controlados aleatorizados deberán probar la causalidad.

Palabras clave:
Intubación
Ventilación mecánica
Nasotraqueal
Orotraqueal
Puntuación de propensión
Estudio de cohorte

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