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Original Article
Available online 7 August 2023
Barriers to Access to Mental Health Services in Pregnant Women With Mental Pathology Residing in Colombia
Barreras de acceso a servicios de salud mental en gestantes con patología mental residentes en Colombia
Santiago Mora Martínez
Corresponding author
smora553910@cue.edu.co

Corresponding author.
, Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Sánchez, Nathaly Berrío García, Mauricio Mora Ladino, Marta Cecilia Ceballos Giraldo, Daniela Katherin Rodríguez Chacón, Eilyn Dahiana Herrera Franco, Juan Sebastian Restrepo Marroquín, Sergio Daniel Hurtado Rivera, Susana Cadena Correa, Mariana García Peláez, Lizeth Páez Hernández, Valentina Villanueva Escobar, María José Álvarez Arbeláez, John Alexander Arango Enrriquez, Laura Alejandra González Montoya, Luis David Saldarriaga Agamez, Valentina Galeano Medina
Semillero de Investigación en Salud Mental, Corporación Universitaria Empresarial Alexander von Humbolt, Colombia
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Sociodemographic characterization of the pregnant women.
Table 2. Incidence proportions for anxiety and gestational depression.
Table 3. Percentage distribution of consumption of psychoactive substances.
Table 4. Percentage distribution of barriers experienced during care.
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Abstract
Introduction

Pregnancy is associated with multiple physiological changes. Anxiety, depression, suicide, and consumption of psychoactive substances during gestation have been phenomena rarely studied by Colombian academia. These disorders are among the principal causes of maternal morbidity–mortality; however, the presence of barriers to care constitutes a public health problem that must be studied.

Method

A prospective longitudinal observational descriptive study was conducted, during one year, with 166 pregnant women. The prevalence of these diseases was evaluated and the most significant supply and demand barriers were identified, for which a battery of mental health measurement instruments was applied to identify the risk of consuming psychoactive substances, depression, and anxiety.

Results

The most-frequent mental pathology was gestational depression, occurring in 57.22% of the sample; the second most-frequent pathology was gestational anxiety, diagnosed in 46.98% of the patients. The disorder due to consumption of most-frequent substances was smoking; followed by cannabis and alcohol. Access barriers, both in supply and demand, were present in most of the population; 53.01% of the pregnant women were not evaluated by psychology. The principal supply barrier was not assigning appointments or, failing that, these were assigned for a very distant date.

Conclusions

A clear relationship exists among depression and anxiety, number of children and age, and supply barriers and access to specialized mental health care. Our findings suggest a high frequency of access barriers in the gestating population with mental pathology.

Keywords:
Pregnancy
Mental health
Psychotropic
Depressive disorder
Anxiety disorders
Resumen
Introducción

El embarazo se asocia con cambios fisiológicos. La ansiedad, la depresión, el suicidio y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas durante la gestación han sido fenómenos escasamente estudiados en Colombia. Estos trastornos son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad materna; sin embargo, la presencia de barreras para la atención, constituyen una problemática de salud pública que debe ser estudiada.

Método

Se ejecutó un estudio descriptivo observacional longitudinal prospectivo, durante un año, con 166 gestantes. Se evaluó la prevalencia de estas enfermedades, y se identificaron las barreras de oferta y demanda más significativas, para ello se aplicó una batería de instrumentos de medición de salud mental para identificar el riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, depresión y ansiedad.

Resultados

La depresión gestacional ocurrió en el 57,22% de la muestra; la ansiedad gestacional se presentó en el 46,98% de las pacientes. El trastorno por consumo de sustancias más frecuentes fue el tabaquismo; seguido del cannabis y el alcohol. Se presentaron barreras de acceso en la mayoría de la población. El 53,01% de las gestantes no fueron valoradas por psicología. La principal barrera de oferta fue el no agendamiento de citas.

Conclusiones

Existe una relación entre depresión y ansiedad, número de hijos y edad, y barreras de oferta y acceso a atención especializada en salud mental. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren una alta frecuencia de barreras de acceso en la población gestante con enfermedad mental.

Palabras clave:
Embarazo
Salud mental
Psicotrópicos
Trastorno depresivo
Trastornos de ansiedad

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