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La insuficiencia cardíaca es un problema de salud pública cada vez más relevante y uno de los mayores retos sanitarios para el nuevo siglo. Constituye una entidad patológica fundamental en el conjunto de las enfermedades cardiovascuclares, que engloba componentes hemodinámicos, neuroendocrinos y congestivos.
De entre las características clinicodemográficas, las determinaciones bioquímicas y neurohumorales y las distintas pruebas complementarias (electrocardiograma, radiografía de tórax, ecocardiograma, cardiología nuclear, prueba de esfuerzo y hemodinámica) utilizadas en el diagnóstico y valoración de la insuficiencia cardíaca, los indicadores que se han revelado más fiables como predictores del pronóstico han sido: la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo, la liberación cardíaca y concentración plasmática de noradrenalina, el péptido natriurético cerebral (BNP), el consumo de oxígeno máximo (VO2max), la edad y la presencia de arritmias ventriculares sintomáticas.
Palabras clave:
insuficiencia cardíaca
factores pronósticos
Cardiac failure is an increasingly more relevant health care problem and one of the greatest health care challenges for the new century. It constitutes a fundamental disease entity in the combination of cardiovascular diseases, which include hemodynamic, neuroendocrine and congestive components.
Among the clinical-demographic characteristics, the biochemical and neurohumoral measurements and the different complementary tests (electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiogram, nuclear cardiology, stress test and hemodynamic test) used in the diagnosis and assessment of cardiac failure, the indicators that have been revealed as the most reliable as predictors of the prognosis, have been: left ventricle ejection fraction, cardiac release and norepinephrine plasma concentration, BNP, VO2max, age and presence of symptomatic ventricular arrithymias.
Key words:
cardiac failure
prognostic factors
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