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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Comorbidity and socio-demographic factors associated with renal lithiasis in per...
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Vol. 149. Issue 9.
Pages 383-390 (November 2017)
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Vol. 149. Issue 9.
Pages 383-390 (November 2017)
Original article
Comorbidity and socio-demographic factors associated with renal lithiasis in persons aged 40 to 65: A cross-sectional study
Comorbilidad y factores sociodemográficos asociados a litiasis renal en personas de 40 a 65 años: estudio transversal
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Raquel Arias Vegaa,b, Luis Angel Pérula de Torresb,c,
Corresponding author
, Celia Jiménez Garcíab,d, Julia Carrasco Valientee, Maria José Requena Tapiab,e, Roque Cano Castiñeiraf, Luis Carlos Silva Ayçaguerg
a Consultorio El Higuerón, UGC Occidente-Azahara, Córdoba, Spain
b Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
c Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba y Guadalquivir, Córdoba, Spain
d Sistemas de información, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba y Guadalquivir, Córdoba, Spain
e Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
f Unidad de Urología, Hospital de Cabra, Córdoba, Spain
g Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the population surveyed in both studies.
Table 2. Prevalence of morbidity by sex.
Table 3. Relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the pathologies considered and renal lithiasis by bivariate analysis.
Table 4. Relationship between the socio-demographic variables and the pathologies considered and renal lithiasis by multivariate analysis (n=4787).
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Abstract
Background and objective

Renal lithiasis is one of the most important urological diseases. It seems to be related to different socio-demographic and climatic factors, lifestyle and pre-existing comorbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables, certain risk factors and chronic diseases and the renal lithiasis.

Patients and method

A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out, selecting the Spanish population aged from 40 to 65 years, combining 2 random samples (PreLiRenA and PreLiRenE studies). Data were collected by personal telephone surveys, gathering information on socio-demographic variables and perceived morbidity. Data on annual average temperatures in each Spanish region were also collected. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 4894 subjects were surveyed; 51.3% were women; 25% were aged 40–45 years, 36% had primary school education and 31.4% were of low social class. The overall prevalence of renal lithiasis was 15.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.5–15.5). By means of multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a strong statistical relationship with the presence of renal lithiasis were: older age (61–65 years; OR=1.39; 95% CI 1.06–1.80), high social class (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.29–2.62), family history of renal lithiasis (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.88–2.65), high blood pressure (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.39–2.02) and overweight/obesity (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.12–1.54). A correlation was observed between renal lithiasis and average annual temperatures in the Spanish regions (r=0.59; p=0.013).

Conclusions

A relationship was observed between renal lithiasis and older age, belonging to higher social classes, the existence of a family history of urolithiasis, and hypertension and overweight or obesity. The prevalence of renal lithiasis is greater in warmer climate zones.

Keywords:
Renal lithiasis
Epidemiology
Associated factors
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

La litiasis renal es una de las enfermedades urológicas más importantes. Parece estar relacionada con factores sociodemográficos y climáticos, estilos de vida y comorbilidad preexistente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, ciertos factores de riesgo y enfermedades crónicas, y la litiasis renal.

Pacientes y método

Se realizó un estudio transversal, seleccionando a población española de 40 a 65 años, combinando 2 muestras aleatorias (PreLiRenA y PreLiRenE). Los datos fueron recogidos por encuestas telefónicas personales, recopilando información sobre variables sociodemográficas y la morbilidad percibida. También se recogieron datos sobre las temperaturas medias anuales en cada región española. Se realizó un análisis bivariado y multivariado.

Resultados

Fueron encuestados 4.894 sujetos; el 51,3% eran mujeres; el 25% tenían entre 40 y 45 años; el 36% tenían educación primaria y el 31,4% eran de clase social baja. La prevalencia global de litiasis renal fue del 15,0% (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 14,5–15,5). Por medio del análisis multivariado, las variables que mostraron una fuerte relación estadística con la presencia de litiasis renal fueron: edad avanzada (61-65 años, OR=1,39; IC 95% 1,06-1,8), clase social alta (OR=1,98; IC 95% 1,29-2,62), antecedentes familiares de litiasis renal (OR=2,22; IC 95% 1,88-2,65), hipertensión arterial (OR=1,68; IC 95% 1,39-2,02) y sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=1,31; IC 95% 1,12-1,54). Se observó una correlación entre la litiasis renal y las temperaturas medias anuales en las regiones españolas (r=0,59; p=0,013).

Conclusiones

Existe relación entre litiasis renal y edad avanzada, pertenecer a clases sociales altas, existencia de antecedentes familiares de urolitiasis, y tener hipertensión y sobrepeso/obesidad. La prevalencia de la litiasis renal es mayor en las zonas climáticas más cálidas.

Palabras clave:
Litiasis renal
Epidemiología
Factores asociados

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