metricas
covid
Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Long-term trends in interstitial lung diseases incidence in Spain
Journal Information
Vol. 165. Issue 5.
(November 2025)
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Visits
1
Vol. 165. Issue 5.
(November 2025)
Original article
Long-term trends in interstitial lung diseases incidence in Spain
Tendencias a largo plazo en la incidencia de las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales en España
Visits
1
Lucía Cayuelaa, Anna Michela Gaetab, Aurelio Cayuelac,
Corresponding author
annamichelagaeta@hotmail.it

Corresponding author.
a Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
b Pneumology Service, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
c Unit of Public Health, Prevention and Health Promotion, South Seville Health Management Area, Seville, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (3)
Show moreShow less
Tables (2)
Table 1. Crude (CR), age-standardized (ASIR), and age-specific incidence rates of interstitial lung diseases among men in Spain, 1992–2021.
Tables
Table 2. Crude (CR), age-standardized (ASIR), and age-specific incidence rates of interstitial lung diseases among women in Spain, 1992–2021.
Tables
Show moreShow less
Abstract
Background

This study analysed long-term trends in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) incidence in Spain from 1992 to 2021, focusing on age, sex and temporal patterns.

Methods

We conducted an ecological trend study using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were calculated, and joinpoint regression was applied to evaluate temporal trends. An age-period-cohort (A-P-C) analysis was performed to assess the influence of age, calendar periods, and birth cohorts on incidence patterns.

Results

From 1992 to 2021, 141,141 incident cases of ILDs were estimated in Spain, with a slight male predominance (53.2%). ASIRs increased over the study period, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 1.3% for men and 1.7% for women. Incidence rates rose with age, peaking in the 70–79 age group for both sexes. A-P-C analysis identified cohort effects, with later-born cohorts showing higher risks of ILDs. Period effects indicated a steady increase in incidence. Men consistently exhibited higher incidence rates than women, although the gap narrowed slightly over time.

Conclusions

The increasing incidence of ILDs in Spain underscores a growing public health challenge. Early diagnosis, targeted interventions, and ongoing research are vital to mitigate this rising burden.

Keywords:
Interstitial lung diseases
Epidemiology
Age-period-cohort analysis
Spain
Incidence trends
Resumen
Introducción

Este estudio analizó las tendencias a largo plazo en la incidencia de las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales (EPI) en España entre 1992 y 2021, centrándose en la edad, el sexo y los patrones temporales.

Métodos

Se llevó a cabo un estudio ecológico de tendencias usando datos del Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia ajustadas por edad (TIAT), y se aplicó regresión joinpoint para evaluar cambios temporales. Además, se realizó un análisis edad-período-cohorte (A-P-C) para determinar la influencia de la edad, los periodos calendáricos y las cohortes de nacimiento sobre los patrones de incidencia.

Resultados

Entre 1992 y 2021 se estimaron 141.141 casos incidentes de EPI en España, con predominio masculino leve (53,2%). Las TIAT aumentaron de forma significativa durante el periodo (cambio porcentual anual medio [CPAM] del 1,3% en varones y del 1,7% en mujeres). Las tasas de incidencia crecieron con la edad, alcanzando su máximo en el grupo de 70-79 años en ambos sexos. El análisis A-P-C identificó efectos de cohorte significativos, con mayor riesgo en las cohortes más recientes, y efectos de periodo que reflejaron un incremento sostenido de la incidencia. Aunque los varones mantuvieron tasas superiores, la brecha con las mujeres se redujo ligeramente con el tiempo.

Conclusiones

El incremento de la incidencia de las EPI en España evidencia un desafío creciente para la salud pública. Son imprescindibles el diagnóstico precoz, intervenciones dirigidas e investigación continua para atenuar esta carga en aumento.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales
Epidemiología
Análisis edad-período-cohorte
España
Tendencias de incidencia

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Medicina Clínica (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Medicina Clínica (English Edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail
Article options
Tools