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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Avoidable premature mortality and effectiveness of the health system to reduce i...
Journal Information
Vol. 165. Issue 3.
(September 2025)
Original article
Avoidable premature mortality and effectiveness of the health system to reduce it during the 21st century in Spain by region
Mortalidad prematura evitable y efectividad del sistema sanitario para reducirla durante el siglo xxi en España según la comunidad autónoma
Marta Donata,b, Gregorio Barrioa,b, Juan Miguel Guerrasa,b,
Corresponding author
jguerras@isciii.es

Corresponding author.
, Almudena Morenoc, Elena Rondab,d, Julieta Politia,1, María José Belzaa,b,1
a Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
b CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
c Departamento de Salud Pública y Materno-Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
d Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Age- and sex-standardised avoidable, preventable, treatable and non-avoidable mortality rates per 100,000 person-years, by autonomous community. Spain, 2001–2019, 2001–2022 and 2022.
Tables
Table 2. Average annual absolute and relative change in age- and sex-standardised avoidable and non-avoidable mortality rates, and apparent healthcare effectiveness by autonomous community. Spain, 2001–2019 and 2001–2022.
Tables
Table 3. Average annual absolute and relative change in age- and sex-standardised rates of avoidable and unavoidable mortality and healthcare effectiveness by autonomous community and period. Spain, 2001–2022.
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Abstract
Objectives

To assess inter-regional inequalities in avoidable mortality and in the effectiveness of the health system to reduce it during 2001−2022 in Spain.

Materials and method

An observational time trends study was performed, obtaining the following measures by region: age- and sex-standardized avoidable, preventable, treatable and non-avoidable mortality rates per 100,000 person-years, inter-annual rate differences (ARDs) in these mortalities, differences between the annual percentage changes (APCs) of avoidable and non-avoidable mortality (health system effectiveness against avoidable mortality), standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV) of national mortality rates (absolute and relative inter-regional inequality, respectively), and difference between CVs in avoidable and non-avoidable mortality (health system contribution to inequality in avoidable mortality).

Results

In 2022, the highest avoidable mortality rates were observed in Asturias (218), the Canary Islands (208) and Andalusia (200), and the lowest in Madrid (142), Navarra (161) and La Rioja (165). During 2001−2022, avoidable mortality decreased in all communities, with the most unfavourable ARDs in Aragon (−2.8), Castile and Leon (−3.1), and Asturias (−3.2), and the lowest health system effectiveness in Castile-La Mancha, Madrid, Asturias and Aragon. The standard deviation of avoidable mortality also decreased (from 29.4 in 2001 to 20.2 in 2022), as well as the health system contribution to this inequality.

Conclusions

In Spain, important inter-regional inequalities in avoidable mortality persist, although during 2001−2022 its absolute inequality decreased. During this period, all regional health systems were effective in reducing avoidable mortality, and their contribution to inter-regional inequalities in such mortality decreased.

Keywords:
Avoidable mortality
Spain
Territorial inequalities
Time trends
Health system effectiveness
Resumen
Objetivos

Evaluar las desigualdades interautonómicas en la mortalidad evitable y en la efectividad del sistema sanitario para reducirla durante 2001−2022 en España.

Materiales y método

Se realizó un estudio observacional de tendencias temporales, calculando las siguientes medidas por comunidad autónoma: tasas de mortalidad evitable, prevenible, tratable y no evitable estandarizadas por edad y sexo por 100.000 personas-año, diferencias interanuales de tasas (DAT), diferencias entre los porcentajes anuales de cambio de la mortalidad evitable y no evitable (efectividad sanitaria frente a la mortalidad evitable), desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación de las tasas de mortalidad nacionales (desigualdad interautonómica absoluta y relativa, respectivamente), y diferencia entre los coeficientes de variación de mortalidad evitable y no evitable (contribución sanitaria a la desigualdad en la mortalidad evitable).

Resultados

En 2022 las mayores tasas de mortalidad evitable correspondieron a Asturias (218), Canarias (208) y Andalucía (200), y las menores a Madrid (142), Navarra (161) y La Rioja (165). Durante 2001−2022 disminuyó la mortalidad evitable en todas las comunidades, con las DAT más desfavorables en Aragón (−2,8), Castilla y León (−3,1), y Asturias (−3,2), y la menor efectividad sanitaria en Castilla-La Mancha, Madrid, Asturias y Aragón. También disminuyó la desviación estándar de mortalidad evitable y la contribución sanitaria a dicha desigualdad.

Conclusiones

En España persisten importantes desigualdades interautonómicas en la mortalidad evitable, aunque durante 2001−2022 su desigualdad absoluta descendió. Durante ese período todos los sistemas sanitarios autonómicos fueron efectivos para reducir la mortalidad evitable, y disminuyó su contribución a las desigualdades interautonómicas en dicha mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Mortalidad evitable
España
Desigualdades territoriales
Evolución temporal
Efectividad sanitaria

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