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Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.) The overweight and obesity landscape in Spain: Data from the Spanish cohort of t...
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Vol. 72. Issue 10.
(December 2025)
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Vol. 72. Issue 10.
(December 2025)
Original article
The overweight and obesity landscape in Spain: Data from the Spanish cohort of the multi-country IMPACT-O study
Situación e impacto del sobrepeso y la obesidad en España: datos de la cohorte española del estudio multinacional IMPACT-O
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Irene Bretona, Igotz Aranbarrib, Anastasia Lampropoulouc, Jennifer Redondo-Antónd, Javier Ágredad, Atif Adame, Esther Artimed,
Corresponding author
artime_esther@lilly.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
b Zelaieta Primary Care Center, Amorebieta, Bilbao, Spain
c Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
d Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
e IQVIA, London, UK
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Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of people with overweight/obesity or with obesity (2018–2022).
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Abstract
Introduction

The epIdeMiology landscape PAtient Care paThways of Obesity (IMPACT-O) study was a multi-country, retrospective cohort study that utilised healthcare databases to determine the landscape/impact of overweight and obesity. Here we describe the sociodemographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of adults with a first record of overweight/obesity or obesity in Spain between 2018 and 2022.

Materials and methods

The IQVIA longitudinal patient database in Spain was used to identify individuals with a first record of overweight/obesity, as determined by diagnosis codes and/or body mass index (BMI) measurements (overweight/obesity cohort: BMI ≥25kg/m2; obesity cohort: BMI ≥30kg/m2), in the years 2018–2022. Demographic and clinical parameters, including obesity-related complications (ORCs), as recorded by primary care providers and specialists contributing to the database, were described.

Results

The overweight/obesity cohort included 25,016 individuals, and the obesity cohort 13,441 individuals. Most individuals with overweight/obesity (60.1%) and obesity (63.6%) presented with ≥1 ORCs. The most frequent ORCs among people with obesity were hypertension (25.3%), dyslipidaemia (19.8%), anxiety (19.0%), osteoarthritis (14.3%), low-back pain (10.9%) and depression (10.9%). The proportion of individuals receiving pharmacological therapies with an effect on weight was <1%. There were no records of lifestyle interventions or bariatric surgery in the database for this population.

Conclusions

This study highlights the high ORC burden at first documented diagnosis of overweight/obesity. Very few individuals with obesity in Spain receive pharmacological treatment with an effect on weight. Patient management could be improved by systematically recording all interventions in this population.

Keywords:
Overweight
Obesity
Obesity-related complications
Real-world data
Epidemiology
Resumen
Introducción

El estudio IMPACT-O (epIdeMiology landscape Patient Care paThways of Obesity) es un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo y multinacional que utilizó bases de datos de historias clínicas para determinar la situación e impacto del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Aquí se describen las características y el tratamiento de adultos con un primer registro de sobrepeso/obesidad en España entre 2018 y 2022.

Materiales y métodos

Se utilizó la base de datos longitudinal de pacientes de IQVIA en España para identificar a personas con un primer registro de sobrepeso/obesidad, determinado por códigos de diagnóstico y/o mediciones del índice de masa corporal (IMC) (sobrepeso/obesidad: IMC ≥25kg/m2; obesidad: IMC ≥30kg/m2). Se describieron los parámetros demográficos y clínicos, y las complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad.

Resultados

La cohorte de sobrepeso/obesidad incluyó 25.016 personas y la cohorte de obesidad 13.441 personas. La mayoría de las personas con sobrepeso/obesidad (60,1%) y obesidad (63,6%) presentaron ≥1 complicación asociada a la obesidad, siendo hipertensión (25,3%), dislipidemia (19,8%), ansiedad (19,0%), osteoartritis (14,3%), dolor lumbar (10,9%) y depresión (10,9%) las más frecuentes. Menos del 1% recibieron terapias farmacológicas con efecto sobre el peso. No hubo registros de intervenciones en el estilo de vida o cirugía bariátrica en la base de datos para esta población.

Conclusiones

Este estudio destaca la alta carga de complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad en el primer diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidad. En España, pocas personas con obesidad reciben tratamiento farmacológico con efecto sobre el peso. El manejo de los pacientes podría mejorar con un registro sistemático de intervenciones.

Palabras clave:
Sobrepeso
Obesidad
Complicaciones relacionadas con la obesidad
Datos del mundo real
Epidemiología

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