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Vacunas (English Edition) Meningococcus: Impact of meningococcal vaccination in Spain
Journal Information
Vol. 26. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
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10
Vol. 26. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
Review article
Meningococcus: Impact of meningococcal vaccination in Spain
Meningococo: impacto de la vacunación antimeningocócica en España
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10
Josep Marès Bermúdez
Servicio de Pediatría, Institut Pediàtric Marès-Riera, Gerona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease in Spain. Seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Distribution by microbiological result.
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Table 2. Meningococcal disease in Spain. Comparison of the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 epidemic seasons. (Weeks 41/2022–40/2023. Provisional data). Serogroups B, C, W, and Y. Distribution by age group.
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Table 3. Meningococcal disease in Spain. Comparative table for 2023 and 2024 (Week 52, 2024. Provisional data). Serogroups B, C, W, and Y. Distribution by age group.a
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Abstract

Meningococcal disease is an extremely serious disease, responsible for most sepsis and meningitis, produced in our area by 4 serogroups: B, C, W, and Y. It is endemic, can present epidemic outbreaks unpredictably, and is preventable with effective and safe vaccines. In Spain, systematic childhood vaccination with conjugated meningococcal C vaccine began in 2000, with an extremely favorable impact, reducing over 95% of the disease burden caused by this serogroup during the 25 years of the program. In 2020, the conjugated ACWY vaccine was included at 12 years of age to address the observed increase in cases due to serogroup W, with a favorable impact currently leading to the absence of cases in vaccination cohorts. In 2023, systematic vaccination against serogroup B was instituted in children under 1 year, following a national study confirming a 71% vaccine effectiveness against serogroup B disease and a global effectiveness for meningococcal disease, regardless of serogroup, of 76%. The achievements underscore the importance of maintaining and strengthening meningococcal vaccination programs in the future to continue safeguarding public health.

Keywords:
Meningococcus
Vaccine effectiveness
Meningococcal vaccines
Sepsis
Meningitis
Resumen

La enfermedad meningocócica es una enfermedad de extrema gravedad, responsable de la mayoría de las sepsis y meningitis, producida en nuestro medio por 4 serogrupos: B, C, W y Y. Es endémica, puede presentar brotes epidémicos de forma imprevisible y es prevenible con vacunas eficaces y seguras. En España, se inició la vacunación infantil sistemática con vacuna conjugada frente a meningococo C en el año 2000, pudiéndose constatar un impacto extremadamente favorable, con una reducción de más del 95% de la carga de enfermedad debida a este serogrupo en los 25 años del programa. En 2020, se incluyó, a los 12 años de edad, la vacuna conjugada frente a los serogrupos ACWY para hacer frente al incremento observado de casos por serogrupo W, con un impacto favorable, con ausencia, actualmente, de casos en las cohortes tributarias de vacunación. En 2023 se instauró la vacunación sistemática frente al serogrupo B en menores de un año, realizándose con anterioridad un estudio nacional que corroboró una efectividad vacunal del 71% frente a enfermedad por serogrupo B y una efectividad global para enfermedad meningocócica independientemente del serogrupo del 76%. Los logros alcanzados subrayan la importancia de mantener y fortalecer los programas de vacunación frente a la enfermedad meningocócica en el futuro para continuar salvaguardando la salud de la población.

Palabras clave:
Meningococo
Efectividad vacunal
Vacunas antimeningocócicas
Sepsis
Meningitis

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