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Vacunas (English Edition) Intranasal influenza vaccine: Exploration of parental motives for refusal or acc...
Journal Information
Vol. 26. Issue 3.
(July - September 2025)
Vol. 26. Issue 3.
(July - September 2025)
Original article
Intranasal influenza vaccine: Exploration of parental motives for refusal or acceptance
Vacunación antigripal intranasal: profundizando en los motivos parentales que llevan al rechazo o a su aceptación
Virginia Reverte, Matilde Zornoza-Moreno
Corresponding author
matilde.zornoza@carm.es

Corresponding author.
, Consuelo Lucía Álvarez-García, Jaime Jesús Pérez-Martín
Servicio de Prevención y Protección de la Salud, Dirección General de Salud Pública y Adicciones, Consejería de Salud, Murcia, Spain
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Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the focus groups participating in the study.
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Table 2. Main topics to be discussed in the focus group sessions.
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Abstract
Introduction

Influenza in children under 5 years of age has a higher risk of causing serious complications that may require hospitalization and even death. Since 2012, the World Health Organization and other international organizations have recommended influenza vaccination for children aged 6 to 59 months. School-based influenza vaccination was introduced in the study community in the 2023–2024 campaign for children aged 3 and 4 years, and although it is known that school immunization is a way to facilitate the process, some parents still show reluctance and refuse to vaccinate their children. The main objective of this study was to find out their reasons.

Material and methods

A qualitative study was designed using focus group technique to collect information.

Results

From the parents' opinions, we were able to identify two main reasons for the refusal of influenza vaccination: a lowered perception of the risks associated with influenza in children who have no associated risk factor and a lack of confidence in the vaccine, based mainly on the lack of specificity to the virus strain circulating that season. The sending of numerous reminders, the fact that vaccination does not exempt the child from getting sick, or misconceptions about whether some vaccines are mandatory or not were also mentioned as reasons.

Discussion and conclusions

The results obtained are very useful for the design of the next information campaigns aimed at families, whose purpose is to improve influenza vaccination coverage.

Keywords:
Influenza
School immunization
Intranasal vaccine
Focus groups
Reduced risk
Resumen
Introducción

La gripe, en menores de 5 años, tiene mayor riesgo de provocar complicaciones graves que pueden requerir hospitalización, pudiendo incluso causar su muerte. Desde 2012, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y otros organismos internacionales recomiendan la vacunación frente a la gripe en niños de 6 a 59 meses. La vacunación antigripal escolar se introdujo en la campaña 2023–2024, en la comunidad de estudio, para niños de 3 y 4 años y, aunque se conoce que la vacunación escolar es una manera de facilitar el proceso, algunos padres siguen mostrando reticencias y rechazan vacunar a sus hijos. Conocer sus motivos fue el objetivo principal de este estudio.

Material y métodos

Se diseñó un estudio cualitativo utilizando grupos focales como técnica de recogida de información.

Resultados

A partir de las opiniones de los progenitores, pudimos establecer 2 motivos principales de rechazo a la vacunación antigripal: una percepción disminuida de los riesgos que conlleva la gripe en niños que no tienen ningún factor de riesgo asociado y la falta de confianza en la vacuna, basada sobre todo, en la no especificidad hacia la cepa del virus circulante esa temporada. El envío de numerosos recordatorios, el hecho de que vacunarse no exime al niño de enfermar o errores de concepto acerca de la obligatoriedad o no de algunas vacunas también fueron motivos referidos.

Discusión y conclusiones

Los resultados obtenidos son de mucha utilidad para el diseño de las próximas campañas de información dirigidas a las familias, cuyo objetivo es mejorar las coberturas vacunales gripales.

Palabras clave:
Gripe
Vacunación escolar
Vacuna intranasal
Grupos focales
Riesgo disminuido

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