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Vacunas (English Edition) A narrative review on the white spot syndrome virus and the perspective of vacci...
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Vol. 26. Issue 1.
(January - March 2025)
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Vol. 26. Issue 1.
(January - March 2025)
Review article
A narrative review on the white spot syndrome virus and the perspective of vaccine development
Revisión de la narrativa sobre el virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca y perspectiva de desarrollo de la vacuna
Susithra Priyadarshni Mugunthana, Nivetha Loganathana, Balamurugan Shanmugarajb,
Corresponding author
balasbm17@gmail.com

Corresponding authors.
, Harish Mani Chandraa,
Corresponding author
mc.harishin@tvu.edu.in

Corresponding authors.
a Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
b Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Table 1. Viruses affecting aquaculture industry.
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Table 2. List of viral antigens expressed in plants and algae.
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Abstract

White spot syndrome (WSS) is a contagious disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) affecting the shrimp industry mostly in South Asian countries. In the past decade, the incidence of WSSV infection and its prevalence has been raised drastically influencing massive economic loss in the shrimp culture industry. The key challenges in developing vaccines for aquatic organisms like shrimp include the complexity of their immune systems, the need for cost-effective mass production, and practical delivery methods in large-scale. This review explores the plant-based vaccine development as a possible approach to address these issues. Further, this review aims to present an update on the knowledge of WSSV and to explore the possibility of plant systems for the development of vaccines for aquatic organisms, especially for shrimps. This approach could be advantage for WSSV prophylaxis and contribute to the broader field of aquatic disease management.

Keywords:
White spot syndrome
Viral protein
Plants
Molecular farming
Resumen

El síndrome de la mancha blanca (WSS) es una enfermedad contagiosa causada por el virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (WSSV) que afecta a la industria de los crustáceos decápodos, principalmente en los países del sudeste asiático. En la década pasada, la incidencia de la infección por WSSV y su prevalencia se incrementaron considerablemente, lo cual originó una pérdida económica masiva en el sector del cultivo de crustáceos. Las dificultades clave del desarrollo de vacunas frente a los organismos acuáticos como la gamba o el camarón incluyen la complejidad de sus sistemas inmunológicos, la necesidad de una producción en masa rentable, y la practicidad de los métodos de entrega a gran escala. Esta revisión explora el desarrollo de la vacuna basada en plantas como posible terapia para abordar estas cuestiones. Además, el objetivo de esta revisión es presentar una actualización del conocimiento del WSSV y explorar la posibilidad de establecer sistemas vegetales para el desarrollo de vacunas para los organismos acuáticos, y en especial los crustáceos. Dicho enfoque podría ser ventajoso para la profilaxis del WSSV y contribuir al campo más general de la gestión de la enfermedad causada por organismos acuáticos.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de la mancha blanca
Proteína viral
Plantas
Agricultura molecular

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