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Vol. 12. Núm. 2.
Páginas 230-238 (Abril - Junio 2015)
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Vol. 12. Núm. 2.
Páginas 230-238 (Abril - Junio 2015)
Open Access
Solución analítica de un filtro de Kalman estacionario para la observación de deriva en modelos de emisiones de NOx en motores diesel de automoción
Analytical solution of the steady-state Kalman filter for observing drift on NOx models with application to turbocharged diesel engines
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C. Guardiola, S. Hoyas, B. Pla, D. Blanco-Rodriguez
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dablarod@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
CMT Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, España
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En los algoritmos de control y diagnóstico de los motores diesel la precisión en la estimación de las variables resulta crítica. En el caso de las emisiones de óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) recientemente se han desarrollado sensores con una buena precisión de medida estacionaria pero que, debido a su lentitud y a la existencia de un retraso significativo, presentan unas características dinámicas insuficientes para el control. Por otro lado, existen diferentes tipos de modelos capaces de reproducir con mayor o menor precisión la respuesta dinámica de los NOx; sin embargo, ninguno de ellos está exento de deriva asociada al envejecimiento del motor y de los diferentes sensores que suministran las entradas al modelo. La combinación de un modelo de emisiones con un sensor de NOx permite proporcionar una estimación que combina las características dinámicas del modelo con la precisión del sensor. En este trabajo se combina la información a través de un modelo en espacio de estados que permite la observación y corrección de la deriva del modelo de NOx. El vector de estado que describe la salida objetivo se aumenta con un estado extra que define la deriva o error estacionario entre el modelo derivado y la referencia de medida del sensor. El vector de estado es observado mediante un filtro de Kalman. Dicho modelo es lineal invariante en el tiempo y las covarianzas de los ruidos que afectan a los estados son consideradas como constantes. Bajo estas hipótesis, el filtro es estacionario, es decir, la ecuación de Riccati que estima la ganancia del filtro converge tras un número determinado de iteraciones. El presente artículo resuelve la ecuación iterativa de Riccati para dichas condiciones y deriva la solución analítica del filtro. Asimismo, dicho algoritmo es usado para la estimación de NOx en un motor diesel y en el nuevo ciclo Europeo de conducción (NEDC).

Palabras clave:
Filtro de Kalman
fusión de datos
corrección de derivas
automoción
NOx
diesel
Abstract

An augmented state-space model for drift correction is proposed adding an extra-state for cancelling drift on a given model or sensor output. A Kalman filter is used for drift observation. The model is Linear Time Invariant and noise covariances are considered constant. Under these assumptions, filter is steady-state and an analytical solution to the Riccati equation can be derived. Current paper gives the analytical solution to the Kalman gain and covariance matrix from using the iterative filter equations.

Keywords:
Kalman filter
data fusion
drift correction
powertrains
NOx
diesel
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