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Vol. 62. Issue 2.
Pages 72-80 (February 2015)
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Vol. 62. Issue 2.
Pages 72-80 (February 2015)
Original Article
Analysis of factors conditioning admission at the critical care unit of surgical patients. Prospective study of 764 patients operated for 1 year at a university and reference hospital
Análisis de los factores que condicionan el ingreso de los pacientes quirúrgicos en una unidad de críticos. Un estudio prospectivo sobre 764 pacientes intervenidos durante 1 año en un hospital universitario y de referencia
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J. Gil Bonaa,
Corresponding author
gilbona@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Pascual Bellostaa, J. Ojeda Cabrerab, S. Ortega Luceaa, L. Muñoz Rodrígueza, J. Martínez Ubietoa, G. Pérez-Navarroa
a Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
b Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Total number of operation performed in 2012 in the different surgical specialities included in this study. Study sample=10% of interventions.
Table 2. Clinical and anaesthesia variables included in the study.
Table 3. Type of surgery (speciality) according to level of complexity.
Table 4. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative differences between patients admitted to intensive care and to the ward following surgery.
Table 5. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative differences between patients undergoing emergency and elective surgery.
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Abstract
Objective

Assess what factors determine the income of surgical patients in critical care unit after surgery.

Materials and methods

It included a survey of the 10% of all patients operated by the services of General Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Urology and Otolaryngology during 2012. We performed a prospective, observational study. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative variables were analysed. Comparisons were made between patients operated under elective and emergency surgery, and between patients admitted in critical care and admitted directly in the ward, using ¿2 of Pearson correlation with a confidence interval of 95%.

Results

Seven hundred and sixty-four patients were included into the study, 304 were admitted in critical care after surgery and 460 were admitted in the ward. The medical history showed a statistically significant association with intensive care unit admission, well as the fact of being labelled with a high risk for the risk scales. Complexity and duration of the surgery showed a statistically significant association with intensive care unit admission, as well as the fact of present intra-operative complications. Emergency surgery was not significantly associated with intensive care unit admission of surgical patients, although these patients had significantly higher numbers of intra- and post-operative complications, and more exitus than those undergoing elective surgery.

Conclusions

A greater incidence of intensive care unit admission of patients undergoing emergency surgery should significantly reduce morbimortality rate. The existence of specific protocols for intensive care unit admission for urgent surgery, and greater availability of beds could be useful in this regard.

Keywords:
Morbimortality
Surgical patients
Risk factors
Critical care
Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar qué factores determinan el ingreso de los pacientes quirúrgicos en una unidad de críticos tras la cirugía.

Material y métodos

Se incluyó un censo del 10% de todos los pacientes intervenidos por los servicios de Cirugía General, Cirugía Torácica, Cirugía Maxilofacial, Cirugía Vascular, Urología y Otorrinolaringología durante el año 2012. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional. Se analizaron variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias. Se compararon aquellos pacientes ingresados en críticos con los ingresados en planta, y los intervenidos de urgencia con los programados, mediante la ¿2 de Pearson con un intervalo de confianza del 95%.

Resultados

Se introdujeron en el estudio 764 pacientes, siendo ingresados 304 en críticos tras la cirugía y 460 en planta. Los antecedentes patológicos mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con el ingreso de los pacientes en críticos, así como el ser marcado con alto riesgo por las escalas de predicción de riesgo quirúrgico. La complejidad y duración de la cirugía mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el ingreso en críticos, así como el presentar complicaciones intraoperatorias. La cirugía de urgencia no se asoció significativamente con el ingreso en críticos de los pacientes quirúrgicos, aunque estos pacientes sí presentaron significativamente mayor número de complicaciones intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, y más exitus que los sometidos a cirugía programada.

Conclusiones

Un mayor índice de ingreso en críticos de los pacientes intervenidos de urgencia se presume disminuiría la morbimortalidad quirúrgica. Protocolos específicos de ingreso para cirugía de urgencia y una mayor disponibilidad de camas podrían ser útiles en este sentido.

Palabras clave:
Morbimortalidad
Pacientes quirúrgicos
Factores de riesgo
Cuidados críticos

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