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Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition) Risk predictors for adverse COVID-19 outcomes in Latin American patients with au...
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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 152-158 (April - June 2025)
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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 152-158 (April - June 2025)
Original Investigation
Risk predictors for adverse COVID-19 outcomes in Latin American patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A multicentre study in Ecuador and Mexico
Factores de riesgo para desenlaces adversos de la COVID-19 en los pacientes latinoamericanos con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes sistémicas: un estudio multicéntrico en Ecuador y México
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Santiago Guzmán-Garcíaa, Goethe Sacoto-Floresb, Johanna Román-Bermeoc, Fabiana Samaniego-Burneod, María Ochoae, Franklin Uguña-Sarif, Gladis Molina-Alvaradog, Luis M. Amezcua-Guerrah,i,
Corresponding author
lmamezcuag@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clínica San Agustín, Loja, Ecuador
b Rheumatology Department, Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues, Ecuador
c Rheumatology Department, Hospital General Isidro Ayora, Loja, Ecuador
d Master in Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Bioquímica, Loja, Ecuador
e Rheumatology Department, Hospital Santa Inés, Cuenca, Ecuador
f Rheumatology Department, Hospital General del IESS, Quito, Ecuador
g Internal Medicine Department, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, Ecuador
h Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
i Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with systemic autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.
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Table 2. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its treatment.
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Table 3. COVID-19-associated adverse outcomes according to the most common rheumatic diseases.
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Table 4. Crude and adjusted predictors of mortality.
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Abstract
Introduction/objectives

The understanding of COVID-19 progression among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) in Latin America remains limited. This study aimed to identify risk predictors associated with poor outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with SARDs.

Materials and methods

An observational multicentre study including patients with SARDs from Ecuador and Mexico.

Results

A total of 103 patients (78% women), aged 52.5±17.7 years, were enrolled. The most prevalent SARDs were rheumatoid arthritis (59%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 24%). Severe COVID-19 was observed in 28% of patients at admission, 43% experienced complications during follow-up, and 8% ultimately died. Mortality rates were highest in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (27%) or SLE (20%). Poor prognostic factors included acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio [OR]=17.07), severe COVID-19 at admission (OR=11.45), and presence of SLE (OR=4.62). In multivariate analysis, SLE emerged as the sole predictor of mortality (OR=15.61).

Conclusions

Patients with SARDs in Latin America face significant risks of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, with SLE being a major risk factor for mortality.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Latin America
Resumen
Introducción/objetivos

El conocimiento sobre cómo progresa la COVID-19 en los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes sistémicas (ERAS) en América Latina es limitado. El objetivo fue identificar los factores pronósticos para la COVID-19 en los pacientes con ERAS.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio multicéntrico y observacional que incluyó a pacientes diagnosticados con ERAS en Ecuador y México.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 103 pacientes (78% mujeres) con una edad promedio de 52,5±17,7 años. Las ERAS más comunes fueron artritis reumatoide (59%) y lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) (24%). Al momento de su ingreso, el 28% de los pacientes presentaron COVID-19 grave, el 43% experimentó complicaciones durante el seguimiento y el 8% falleció. Los pacientes con síndrome antifosfolípido (27%) o LES (20%) mostraron las tasas de mortalidad más altas. Los factores de mal pronóstico incluyeron síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (razón de momios [RM]: 17,07), COVID-19 grave al momento del ingreso (RM: 11,45) y la presencia de LES (RM: 4,62). En el análisis multivariado, el LES fue el único predictor de mortalidad (RM: 15,61).

Conclusiones

En América Latina, los pacientes con ERAS enfrentan un riesgo sustancial de desenlaces adversos al contraer la COVID-19. En esta población, el LES es el principal factor de riesgo para la mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes sistémicas
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
América Latina

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