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Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Niveles de alcohol en sangre y somnolencia en conductores estudiados en simulado...
Información de la revista
Vol. 40. Núm. 2.
Páginas 229-243 (Junio 2011)
Vol. 40. Núm. 2.
Páginas 229-243 (Junio 2011)
Artículos originales
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Niveles de alcohol en sangre y somnolencia en conductores estudiados en simuladores: un metaanálisis
Blood Alcohol Concentration and Somnolence among Drivers Studied in Simulators: A Meta-Analysis
Visitas
1921
Carlos Gómez-Restrepo1,
Autor para correspondencia
cgomez@javeriana.edu.co

Correspondencia: Carlos Gómez-Restrepo, Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a No. 40-62, piso 2, Bogotá, Colombia
, Martín Rondón2, Álvaro Ruiz3, Juan Manuel Lozano4, Juliana Guzmán5, Felipe Macías6
1 Médico psiquiatra, MSc en Epidemiología Clínica, psicoanalista, psiquiatra de enlace. Director del Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística y profesor asociado del Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
2 Estadístico. MSc en Bioestadística. Profesor asistente del Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
3 Médico internista. MSc en Epidemiología Clínica. Profesor titular del Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística y del Departamento de Medicina Interna. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
4 Médico pediatra. MSc en Epidemiología Clínica. Profesor titular de la Universidad Internacional de la Florida. Miami, Estados Unidos
5 Médica general. Candidata a MSc en Epidemiología Clínica. Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
6 Médico. MSc en Salud Pública. Profesor del Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística y director (e) del Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Medicina Familiar. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia
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Introducción

Los accidentes de tránsito ocasionados por conductores que se encuentran bajo el efecto del alcohol constituyen una de las principales causas de accidentalidad y mortalidad vial. Ante este problema, surge la necesidad de definir límites en cuanto al nivel de alcoholemia a partir del cual se pone en riesgo el estado de vigilia necesaria para la conducción.

Objetivos

Determinar las concentraciones mínimas de alcohol en sangre con las que se altera el estado de vigilia o se genera algún grado de somnolencia que pone en riesgo la habilidad y la destreza al conducir.

Métodos

Metanálisis de la literatura sobre los artículos publicados entre 1999 y 2009 que evaluaron la conducción en simuladores después de la ingesta de diferentes grados de alcohol y en los que se midió la somnolencia que estos grados producen en los conductores.

Resultados

Se produce mayor somnolencia en los conductores que están bajo efecto de alcohol. Las diferencias medias estandarizadas (SMD) fueron de 0,81 (IC 95%: 0,54–1,09) para personas con niveles de concentraciones de alcohol en sangre (BAC) menores a 0,05 y de SMD = 1,16 (IC 95 %: 0,93–1,4) para las personas con niveles de BAC mayores a 0,05. En todas las escalas utilizadas para medir somnolencia se corroboró el efecto del alcohol.

Conclusiones

En todos los desenlaces se evidenció que, independientemente de la cantidad de alcohol en la sangre (niveles mayores y menores de BAC = 0,05), la ingesta de alcohol está asociada con mayor somnolencia.

Palabras clave:
Metaanálisis
consumo de bebidas alcohólicas
automóviles
Abstract
Introduction

Traffic accidents caused by drivers under the influence of alcohol are a major cause of road accidents and mortality. Faced with this problem, defining the limit of alcohol levels from which wakefulness for the purpose of driving is jeopardized is critical.

Objectives

To determine the minimum concentration of alcohol in blood that alters wakefulness or generates some degree of drowsiness that compromises driving ability and skill.

Method

Meta-analysis. Systematic review of eight databases, limited to publications between 1999 and 2009 in which the assessment was made through simulators and blood alcohol concentrations were measured.

Results

In all the subgroups studied it was clear that people with some intake of alcohol tend to have some degree of drowsiness compared with those with a blood alcohol level of 0. Standardized mean differences in sleepiness were high. This means there was a great difference between those with blood alcohol concentrations and those without.

Conclusions

In all outcomes it was evident that regardless of the amount of alcohol in blood, alcohol intake provoked in the drivers a tendency towards sleepiness. We observed that most simulator studies tend to favor zero alcohol intake while driving because of the high degree of drowsiness that occurs.

Key words:
Meta-analysis
alcohol drinking
automobiles
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Conflictos de interés: los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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