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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Prevalence of subclinical vascular disease in relation to the estimated cardiova...
Journal Information
Vol. 165. Issue 2.
(July 2025)
Original article
Prevalence of subclinical vascular disease in relation to the estimated cardiovascular risk and the presence of the metabolic syndrome
Prevalencia de enfermedad vascular subclínica en función del riesgo vascular estimado y la presencia de síndrome metabólico
José María Mostazaa,
Corresponding author
, Carlos Lahoza, Miguel A. Salinero-Fortb, Eva Estiradoa, Francisca García-Iglesiasa, Teresa González Alegrea, Victor Cornejoc, on behalf of the SPREDIA study investigators
a Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
b Gerencia Adjunta de Planificación y Calidad, Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
c Unidad de día. Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Characteristics of the participants, overall and according to their calculated risk using the SCORE2 and SCOREOP (excluding patients with diabetes or vascular disease).
Tables
Table 2. Characteristics of patients with subclinical vascular disease.
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Table 3. Prevalence of subclinical vascular disease according to the estimated vascular risk and the presence of metabolic syndrome in 1061 subjects without diabetes mellitus or known vascular disease.
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Table 4. Logistic regression model for the prediction of SVD risk according to the presence or absence of MetS as a distinct entity and the different factors that compose it separately.
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Table 5. Percentage of statin use according to estimated vascular risk and the presence of metabolic syndrome in 1061 subjects without diabetes mellitus or known vascular disease.
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Table 6. Logistic regression model for the prediction of statin use according to the different components of the metabolic syndrome, adjusted for estimated risk according to SCORE2 and SCOREOP.
Tables
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Abstract

Most vascular complications occur in persons with a low or moderate calculated vascular risk. We have evaluated the added prediction of the metabolic syndrome (MS) to the presence of subclinical vascular disease (SVD), beyond that estimated by the cardiovascular risk calculation.

Patients and methods

Cross-sectional population-based study, in 1061 subjects aged 45–75 years, without diabetes or known vascular disease, randomly selected from the Primary Care registries of Madrid. Vascular risk was calculated using SCORE2&OP, the presence of MS was determined, and the prevalence of SVD was established by quantification of carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index.

Results

Of the included population, 40.2% was at low/moderate risk, 54.5% at high risk and 5.3% at very high risk. A total of 36.1% met the criteria for MS. The prevalence of SVD was 27.7%, 50.1% and 71.4% in subjects at low/moderate, high and very high risk without MS, and 42.5%, 62.6% and 78.6% if they had MS, respectively. The association of MS with the presence of EVS was independent of its separate components. A total of 23.1% of the participants were receiving statin treatment. Statin use was independent of the calculated cardiovascular risk and much higher in subjects with MS (38.6% vs 12.8%).

Conclusion

Subjects with MS have a high prevalence of SVD, independent of the estimated risk. The use of statins is more prevalent in subjects with the MS, and is independent of the estimated cardiovascular risk.

Keywords:
Metabolic syndrome
Subclinical vascular disease
Carotid plaques
Ankle-Brachial index
Vascular risk
Cardiovascular risk equations
Resumen

La mayor parte de las complicaciones vasculares acontece en personas cuyo riesgo vascular calculado es bajo o moderado. Hemos evaluado la predicción que añade el síndrome metabólico (SM) a la presencia de enfermedad vascular subclínica (EVS), más allá de lo estimado por el cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio transversal de base poblacional, en 1061 sujetos de entre 45 y 75 años, sin diabetes ni enfermedad vascular conocida, seleccionados de forma aleatoria de los registros de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Se calculó el riesgo vascular mediante SCORE2&OP, se determinó la presencia de SM, y se estableció la prevalencia de EVS mediante cuantificación de placas carotideas e índice tobillo-brazo.

Resultados

Un 40,2% de la población tenía un riesgo bajo/moderado, un 54,5% alto y un 5,3% muy alto. El 36,1% cumplía criterios de SM. La prevalencia de EVS fue del 27,7%, 50,1% y 71,4% en los sujetos de riesgo bajo/moderado, alto y muy alto sin SM, y del 42,5%, 62,6% y 78,6% si tenían SM, respectivamente. La asociación del SM con la presencia de EVS fue independiente de la de sus componentes por separado. Un 23,1% de los participantes recibía tratamiento con estatinas. La utilización de estatinas fue independiente del cálculo del riesgo vascular y muy superior en los sujetos con SM (38,6% vs 12,8%).

Conclusión

Los sujetos con SM presentan una prevalencia elevada de EVS, independiente del riesgo estimado. La utilización de estatinas es más prevalente en sujetos con SM e independiente del riesgo vascular calculado.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome metabólico
Enfermedad vascular subclínica
Placas carotideas
Índice tobillo-brazo
Riesgo vascular
Ecuaciones de riesgo

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