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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Predictive value of bicarbonate levels at admission for severe hypoxic-ischemic ...
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Vol. 165. Issue 2.
(July 2025)
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Vol. 165. Issue 2.
(July 2025)
Original article
Predictive value of bicarbonate levels at admission for severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Valor de los niveles de bicarbonato al ingreso en la predicción de encefalopatía hipoxico-isquémica grave tras una parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria
Marc Izquierdo Ribasa,1, Teresa López-Sobrinoa,b,1,
Corresponding author
telopez@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
, Eva Morenoa,b, Oriol de Diegoa,b, Carlos Rocaa,b, Pedro Cepasa,b, Francisco Rafael Jiménez-Trinidadb, Nuria Romeua, Marta Parelladaa,b, Silvia Péreza, Xavier Freixaa,b, José Tomás Ortiz-Péreza,b, Ana García-Álvareza,b,c, Rut Andreaa,b
a Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Spain
b IDIBAPS/University of Barcelona, Spain
c Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Baseline characteristics and differences between severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) and non-severe HIBI groups.
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Table 2. Secondary outcomes and prognostic markers of severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, differences between groups.
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Abstract
Introduction

Mortality after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains excessively high. The use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation at admission may improve survival, but selecting candidates for this therapy is challenging. Finding the best predictive biomarkers of severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) on arrival might aid in the multimodal decision making. Our aim was to analyse the predictive value of the acid–base balance components in this scenario.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study of OHCA patients that achieved return of spontaneous circulation without administration of HCO3 during resuscitation, admitted to an ICCU of a tertiary care centre. Point-of-care arterial biomarkers on arrival, including pH, pCO2 and HCO3 were analysed. The primary objective was severe HIBI.

Results

From 2019 to 2021, 50 OHCA patients were included, of which 17 (34%) suffered severe HIBI. Initial pH (6.99±0.20 vs. 7.14±0.15, P=0.007) and HCO3 values (14.13±3.24mEq/L vs. 17.97±4.28mEq/L, P=0.003) were significantly lower in severe HIBI patients, while no difference was observed regarding pCO2 (52.44±14.41mmHg vs. 51.38±13.38mmHg, P=0.801). HCO3 showed higher accuracy to predict severe HIBI than pH (AUC of 0.764 vs. 0.727), with a value of 16.5mmol/L as the best cut-off point.

Conclusions

First HCO3 levels on admission of OHCA patients who achieved ROSC significantly predicted severe HIBI, unlike pCO2, and showed even better accuracy than pH.

Keywords:
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Bicarbonate
Lactate
ECPR
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Resumen
Introducción

La mortalidad tras una parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria (PCEH) es excesivamente elevada. La resucitación mediante membrana extracorpórea al ingreso podría mejorar la supervivencia, sin embargo, la selección de candidatos para esta terapia supone un reto. Encontrar biomarcadores a la llegada con mayor capacidad predictiva de encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) podría ayudar en la toma de decisiones. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el valor de los componentes del equilibrio acido-base en este escenario.

Métodos

Estudio prospectivo observacional de pacientes con PCEH en los que se consiguió el retorno a la circulación espontánea (RCE) sin administración de HCO3 durante la resucitación, ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Cardiacos Agudos de un hospital terciario. Se analizaron mediante gasometría arterial “point-of-care” a la llegada biomarcadores incluyendo pH, pCO2 y HCO3. El objetivo primario fue la EHI.

Resultados

Entre 2019 y 2021, 50 pacientes con PCEH fueron incluidos, de los cuales 17 (34%) sufrieron EHI grave. Los valores de pH (6.99±0.20 vs. 7.14±0.15, P=0.007) y HCO3 (14.13±3.24mEq/L vs. 17.97±4.28mEq/L, P=0.003) iniciales, fueron significativamente menores en los pacientes con EHI grave, mientras que no se observaron diferencias en cuanto a la pCO2 (52.44±14.41mmHg vs. 51.38±13.38mmHg, P=0.801). El HCO3 presentó una mayor exactitud para predecir la EHI grave respecto al pH (AUC 0.764 vs. 0.727), siendo el valor de 16.5 mmol/L el mejor punto de corte.

Conclusiones

Los niveles de HCO3 al ingreso de pacientes con PCEH que consiguieron el RCE, fueron predictores de EHI grave, al contrario que los niveles de pCO2, y tuvieron mayor capacidad predictora que los de pH.

Palabras clave:
Parada cardiaca extrahospitalaria
Bicarbonato
Lactato
ERCP
Encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica

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