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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Management of anticoagulation and direct oral ancticoagulants in patients with a...
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Vol. 165. Issue 6.
(December 2025)
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Vol. 165. Issue 6.
(December 2025)
Original
Management of anticoagulation and direct oral ancticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation treated in Spanish Internal Medicine outpatient clinics
Empleo de la anticoagulación tradicional y los anticoagulantes orales de acción directa en pacientes con fibrilación auricular tratados en las consultas externas de los servicios de Medicina Interna españoles
Vicente Giner-Galvaña,b,
Corresponding author
giner_vicgal@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Raúl Quirós-Lópezc, Javier Abellán-Martínezd, Fernando Caballero-Martíneze, Diana Monge-Martíne, Fernando Neriaf, Miguel Camafort-Babkowskig
a Internal Medicine Department, Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Hospital General Universitario Virgen de los Lirios, Alcoy, Alicante, Spain
b Investigador FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia, Spain
c Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
d Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
e Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
f Faculty of Medicine, Research Support Unit, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
g Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. General characteristics of the participating physicians and patients.
Tables
Table 2. Characteristics of anticoagulated patients and factors associated with the use of VKA and DOAC. Univariate analysis.
Tables
Table 3. Factors associated with the use of DOACs. Adjusted multivariate study.
Tables
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Abstract
Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) attending Spanish Internal Medicine outpatient clinics (SIMOs) are frequently older, and DOACs are underused.

Objective

To assess how anticoagulation and DOACs (direct oral anticoagulants) are applied in patients with AF in the SIMOs.

Methods

Analysis of the use and opinions about anticoagulants in patients with AF attending the SIMOs in a multicenter, nationwide, retrospective study including 900 patients and 183 physicians.

Results

96.1% of the patients were anticoagulated, 55% with DOACs. One-third on vitamin K antagonists (VKA) were not within the therapeutic range. DOAC use was higher in patients with shorter duration of AF (p<0.001), better kidney function (p<0.001), and short-term persistent (p=0.035) or paroxysmal AF (p=0.012). DOAC switch indication was met by 32.1% of those on VKA (72% because of out of control range). Although “administrative barriers” (38%), “frailty” (21%); “polypharmacy” (19%) and “very advanced age” (18%) were the main limitations to DOAC prescription in opinion of the physicians, validated scales were seldom used to assess basal functional status.

Conclusions

More than one-third of patients with AF on VKA treated in the SIMOs should be switched to DOACs. Administrative limitations and poor functional status are the main difficulties for it. Validated scales are rarely used to measure functional basal status.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillation
Anticoagulants
Direct anticoagulants
Inadequate prescription
Internal medicine
Frailty
Falls
Spain
Resumen
Antecedentes

Los pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA) que acuden a las consultas externas de Medicina Interna (CEMI) españolas suelen ser de edad avanzada, y generalmente se piensa que los ACODs (anticoagulantes orales directos) se utilizan de forma insuficiente.

Objetivo

Evaluar el uso de la anticoagulación y los ACODs en pacientes con FA en las CEMI.

Métodos

Análisis del uso y las opiniones sobre anticoagulantes en pacientes con FA atendidos en las CEMI en un estudio multicéntrico, nacional y retrospectivo que incluyó a 900 pacientes y 183 médicos.

Resultados

El 96,1% de los pacientes recibían anticoagulación, el 55% con ACODs. Un tercio de los que tomaban antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK) no se encontraban dentro del rango terapéutico. El uso de ACODs fue mayor en pacientes con menor duración de la FA (p<0,001), mejor función renal (p<0,001) y FA persistente a corto plazo (p=0,035) o paroxística (p=0,012). El 32,1% de los pacientes con AVK cumplían los criterios para cambiar a ACODs (el 72% debido a que estaban fuera del rango terapéutico). Aunque las «barreras administrativas» (38%), la «fragilidad» (21%), la «polifarmacia» (19%) y la «edad muy avanzada» (18%) fueron las principales limitaciones para la prescripción de ACODs en opinión de los médicos, rara vez se utilizaron escalas validadas para evaluar el estado funcional basal.

Conclusiones

Más de un tercio de los pacientes con FA tratados con AVK en los CEMI deberían cambiar a ACODs. Las limitaciones administrativas y el mal estado funcional son las principales dificultades para ello. Rara vez se utilizan escalas validadas para medir el estado funcional basal.

Palabras clave:
Fibrilación auricular
Anticoagulantes
Anticoagulantes orales de acción directa
Prescripción inadecuada
Medicina Interna
Fragilidad
Caídas
España

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