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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Local and extensive reactions due to Hymenoptera sting: Its relationship to syst...
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Vol. 165. Issue 1.
(July 2025)
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Vol. 165. Issue 1.
(July 2025)
Original article
Local and extensive reactions due to Hymenoptera sting: Its relationship to systemic reactions
Reacciones locales y extensas debidas a picaduras de himenópteros: su relación con reacciones sistémicas
Alberto Palacios Cañasa, Miriam Clar Castellóa, Stephanie Bracamonte Odremana, Esther Iniesta Tejeraa, Alejandro Raúl Gratacós Gómezb, Elisa Gomez Torrijosa,
Corresponding author
egomezt.cr@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Sección de Alergología del Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Spain
b Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Spain
Article information
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Abstract
Introduction

Hymenoptera stings (Hs) can cause allergic reactions to Hymenoptera venom (HV), both local and systemic. There is controversy regarding the risk of developing an HV-systemic reaction (HV-SR) after one or several previous extensive local allergic reactions (ELAR) due to HV.

Objectives

To evaluate the risk of HV-SR in patients who have suffered at least one previous ELAR due to HV, the relevance of sensitization to HV for suffering from SR-HV in the future, and the prevalence of sensitization to inhalants and foods.

Methods

A descriptive retrospective (first phase, years: 2000–2015) and prospective (second phase, years: 2016–2023) study were conducted with patients ELAR. We periodically reviewed the patients to detect HV-SR, sensitizations, and personal histories of ELAR.

Results

We examined 281 patients with ELAR to see if they had had HV-SR but detected only 2 patients with HV-SR. In the second phase, only 3 patients with HV-SR had a history of ELAR. HV-specific IgE was determined in 224 patients, of which 146 were sensitized to at least one HV. Using skin prick tests, we detected 54 patients sensitized to pollen and sensitized food to 8 patients.

Conclusion

Patients with ELAR due to an Hs have little chance of developing SR-HV, even though 2/3 of patients are sensitized to at least one HV. Atopic load is irrelevant for suffering a future HV-RS.

Keywords:
Hymenoptera venom
Extensive local reaction
Systemic reaction
Specific IgE
Sensitization
Abbreviations:
Hs
HV
ELAR
HV-SR
Resumen
Introducción

Las picaduras de himenópteros (PH) pueden producir reacciones alérgicas al veneno de himenópteros (VH) tanto locales como sistémicas. Existe controversia respecto al riesgo de desarrollar una reacción alérgica sistémica por VH (RAS-VH) tras una o varias reacciones alérgicas locales extensas (RALE) previas.

Objetivos

Evaluar el riesgo de RAS-VH en pacientes que han experimentado al menos una RALE previa por VH, la relevancia de la sensibilización a VH para presentar RAS-VH en el futuro y la prevalencia de sensibilización a inhalantes y alimentos.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo (primera fase, años: 2000-2015) y prospectivo (segunda fase, años: 2016-2023) con pacientes RALE. Se revisó periódicamente a los pacientes para detectar RAS-VH, sensibilizaciones y antecedentes personales de RALE.

Resultados

Examinamos 281 pacientes con RALE para ver si habían tenido RAS-VH, pero detectamos solo 2 pacientes con RAS-VH. En la segunda fase, solo 3 pacientes con RAS-VH tenían antecedentes de RALE. Se determinó IgE específica de VH en 224 pacientes, de los cuales 146 estaban sensibilizados a por lo menos un VH. Mediante pruebas cutáneas, detectamos 54 pacientes sensibilizados al polen y 8 pacientes sensibilizados a alimentos.

Conclusión

Los pacientes con RALE debido a una PH tienen pocas posibilidades de desarrollar RAS-VH, a pesar de que dos tercios de los pacientes están sensibilizados a por lo menos un VH. La carga atópica es irrelevante para presentar un futuro RAS-VH.

Palabras clave:
Veneno de himenópteros
Reacción local extensa
Reacción sistémica
IgE específica
Sensibilización

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