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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) GLP-1-based therapies for obesity: Impact on comorbidities or obesity-related di...
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Available online 7 November 2025
GLP-1-based therapies for obesity: Impact on comorbidities or obesity-related diseases
Efectos de los fármacos con acción GLP-1 sobre las comorbilidades o enfermedades relacionadas con obesidad
Nuria Vilarrasaa,b, Silvia Pelliteroc,
Corresponding author
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
b CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
c Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol- IGTP, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Agents targeting the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are effective in managing metabolic conditions associated with obesity, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In OSA, studies with first generation GLP-1R agonists (ArGLP-1) and co-agonists (GLP-1/GIP) have demonstrated significant improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index and weight reduction. In MASLD, GLP-1RAs and co-agonists (GLP-1/GIP or GLP-1/glucagon) have shown efficacy in reducing hepatic fat, improving fibrosis, and resolving steatohepatitis, with promising results from trials such as ESSENCE and SYNERGY-NASH. In CKD, semaglutide has been associated with a reduction in renal events and slower disease progression. Beyond their metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, these agents represent a comprehensive approach to treating obesity and its complications, with ongoing research exploring their potential indications in chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa.

Keywords:
GLP-1 analogs
Obesity
Hepatic steatosis
Sleep apneas
Metabolic liver disease
Kidney disease
Comorbidities
Resumen

Los fármacos con acción sobre el receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (GLP-1) son efectivos en el tratamiento de enfermedades metabólicas asociadas a obesidad como la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS), la enfermedad hepática metabólica (EHMET) y la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). En AOS, estudios con agonistas del receptor del GLP-1 (ArGLP-1) de primera generación y coagonistas (GLP-1/GIP) han mostrado mejoría significativa en el índice apnea-hipopnea y en la reducción de peso.

En EHMET, ArGLP-1 y coagonistas (GLP-1/GIP o GLP-1/glucagón) han mostrado reducir la grasa hepática, mejorar la fibrosis y resolver esteatohepatitis, con resultados prometedores en ensayos como ESSENCE y SYNERGY-NASH. En ERC, semaglutida ha demostrado reducir eventos renales y la progresión de la enfermedad. Estos fármacos, además de los beneficios metabólicos y cardiovasculares, representan un enfoque integral para tratar obesidad y sus complicaciones inflamatorias, con datos prometedores en psoriasis y la hidrosadenitis supurativa.

Palabras clave:
Análogos GLP-1
Obesidad
Esteatosis hepática
Enfermedad hepática metabólica
Apneas del sueño
Nefropatía
Comorbilidades

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