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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Evolution of the prevalence of alcohol consumption and characterization of hazar...
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Evolution of the prevalence of alcohol consumption and characterization of hazardous consumption in Spain: 2005–2022
Evolución de la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y caracterización del consumo de riesgo en España: 2005−2022
Ana González-Morenoa, Mónica Pérez-Ríosa,b,c, Carla Guerra-Torta,b,
Corresponding author
carla.guerra@rai.usc.es

Corresponding author.
, María Isolina Santiago-Pérezd, Ana Teijeiroa, Lucía Martin-Gisberta, Guadalupe Garcíaa,b, Cristina Candal-Pedreiraa,b,c, Julia Rey-Brandariza,b,c
a Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
c CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
d Servicio de Información sobre Salud Pública, Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Table 1. Prevalence of alcohol consumption overall and by sex in the Spanish population aged 15 to 64 years in the period 2005 to 2022.
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Abstract
Background and objective

The objectives of this study were to analyze the evolution of the prevalence of alcohol consumption between 2005 and 2022, to estimate the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption in 2022, and to characterize hazardous consumers.

Materials and methods

Microdata from 9 editions of the EDADES survey were used. Prevalences of alcohol consumption were estimated overall, by sex and age group between 2005 and 2022. Additionally, the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption at the national level and in the autonomous communities was determined in 2022. Trend analysis was performed by applying joinpoint regression models and a multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to characterize hazardousconsumers.

Results

The trend in the prevalence of alcohol consumption was found to be stable for lifetime, past 12 months, and past 30 days consumption, while a decreasing trend was observed for daily consumption. In 2022, 6.5% (95%CI: 6.1–6.9) of the Spanish population aged 15–64 years had risky alcohol consumption. This prevalence ranged from 13.1% (95%CI: 11.2–15.3) in the Region of Murcia to 2.9% (95%CI: 1.9–4.3) in Cantabria. The use of cannabis in the last year was the variable with the highest OR for hazardous alcohol consumption overall, in men and in women (OR > 2.7).

Conclusions

The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Spain is high and its trend is stable. The use of other drugs such as tobacco or cannabis increases the odds of having a hazardous alcohol consumption.

Keywords:
Alcohol
Hazardous consumption
Trends
Health surveys
Adult
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la evolución de la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol entre 2005 y 2022, estimar la prevalencia de consumo de riesgo de alcohol en 2022 y caracterizar a los consumidores de riesgo.

Materiales y métodos

Se utilizaron microdatos de 9 ediciones de la encuesta EDADES. Se estimaron prevalencias de consumo de alcohol en global, por sexo y grupo de edad entre 2005 y 2022, y prevalencias de consumo de riesgo de alcohol a nivel nacional y en las comunidades autónomas en 2022. Se realizó un análisis de tendencia aplicando modelos de regresión joinpoint y se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística multivariante para caracterizar a los consumidores de riesgo.

Resultados

La tendencia de la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol fue estable en el consumo alguna vez en la vida, en los últimos 12 meses y en los últimos 30 días, y decreciente en el consumo diario. El 6,5% (IC95%: 6,1–6,9) de la población española de 15–64 años presentó consumo de riesgo de alcohol en 2022; éste varió entre un 13,1% (IC95%: 11,2–15,3) en la Región de Murcia y un 2,9% (IC95%: 1,9−4,3) en Cantabria. Ser consumidor de cannabis en el último año fue la variable con la OR más elevada en el consumo de riesgo de alcohol en global, en hombres y en mujeres (OR > 2,7).

Conclusiones

La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en España es alta y su tendencia es estable. El consumo de otras drogas como el tabaco o el cannabis aumenta la odds de tener un mayor consumo de riesgo de alcohol.

Palabras clave:
Alcohol
Consumo de riesgo
Tendencia
Encuestas epidemiológicas
Adulto

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