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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Deactivation of cardiac implantable electronic devices in palliative patients: W...
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Vol. 163. Issue 10.
Pages 512-516 (November 2024)
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Vol. 163. Issue 10.
Pages 512-516 (November 2024)
Review
Deactivation of cardiac implantable electronic devices in palliative patients: When and how
Desactivación de dispositivos electrónicos cardíacos implantables en pacientes en tratamiento paliativo: cuándo y cómo
Tatiana Oliveira
Corresponding author
tattiana.pm.oliveira@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Nuno Ferreira Monteiro, Patrícia Cipriano
Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Cascais Hospital Dr. José de Almeida, Cascais, Portugal
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) modes of deactivation from EHRA Expert Consensus Statement on management of cardiovascular ICD in patients nearing end-of-life or requesting withdrawal of therapy.
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Table 2. Deactivation of cardiac implantable electronic devices.
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Abstract

Cardiac implantable electronic devices have transformed medicine as they improve quality of life and prevent premature death. In palliative care settings, deactivation of these devices must be discussed, particularly at end-of-life. In terminally ill patients it is consensual to recommend implantable cardioverter defibrillator deactivation once shocks are frequent and painful. Concerning pacemakers, the decision to deactivate is controversial and it usually is not an option at patients’ end-of-life, since in pacing-dependent patients, such low heart rates might induce symptoms of bradycardia, with no impact on survival. Regarding cardiac resynchronization therapy, deactivation is not recommended as it can worsen symptoms. Left ventricular assistance device deactivation at end-of-life is a well-accepted practice, since it has the benefit of ending the physical burden associated with the device. Advance care planning should be encouraged and patients should be informed that deactivation is possible.

Keywords:
Palliative care
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Pacemaker
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
Left ventricular assistance device
Resumen

Los dispositivos electrónicos implantables cardíacos han transformado la medicina al mejorar la calidad de vida y prevenir la muerte prematura. En entornos de cuidados paliativos se debe discutir la desactivación de estos dispositivos, particularmente al final de la vida. En pacientes terminales está consensuado recomendar la desactivación del desfibrilador automático implantable una vez que las descargas son frecuentes y dolorosas. En cuanto a los marcapasos, la desactivación no es normalmente una opción, ya que, en pacientes dependientes, frecuencias cardíacas bajas pueden inducir síntomas, sin impacto en la supervivencia. Respecto a la terapia de resincronización cardíaca, no se recomienda su desactivación, ya que puede empeorar los síntomas. La desactivación del dispositivo de asistencia ventricular izquierda al final de la vida es una práctica bien aceptada, ya que tiene el beneficio de poner fin a la carga física asociada al dispositivo. Se debe fomentar la planificación anticipada y se debe informar a los pacientes que la desactivación es posible.

Palabras clave:
Cuidados paliativos
Desfibriladores cardioversores implantables
Marcapasos
Terapia de resincronización cardíaca
Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular izquierda

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