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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Behçet syndrome
Journal Information
Vol. 165. Issue 1.
(July 2025)
Review
Behçet syndrome
Síndrome de Behçet
Gerard Espinosaa,b,c
a Servicio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Centro de Referencia (UEC/CSUR) en Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Vasculitis y Enfermedades Autoinflamatorias; Miembro de ERN-ReCONNET/RITA; Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
b Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
c Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Differential diagnosis of Behçet's syndrome, according to the predominant clinical manifestation.
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Table 2. International Study Group criteria for the diagnosis of Behçet's syndrome.
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Table 3. International criteria for Behçet's syndrome.
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Abstract

Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a systemic vasculitis that affects vessels of all calibers. It has several defining characteristics, such as its tendency for remission over time and a typical geographical distribution. Clinically, the association of venous thrombosis with arterial aneurysms, inflammatory parenchymal brain involvement, the classic pattern of posterior uveitis with retinal vasculitis, and the well-known triad of bipolar ulcers and erythema nodosum are distinctive features of this condition. Despite some advances in the pathogenesis of BS and the use of biological drugs that have improved prognosis, certain aspects remain controversial, such as the role of the pathergy test or the determination of HLA-B*51 in the diagnosis of the disease, or the actual value of anticoagulation in patients with BS and vascular thrombosis.

Keywords:
Behçet's syndrome
Vasculo-Behçet
HLA-B*51
Pathergy
Anticoagulation
Anti-TNF agents
Resumen

El síndrome de Behçet (SB) es una vasculitis sistémica que afecta a vasos de cualquier calibre. Posee una serie de características que la definen como su tendencia a la remisión a lo largo del tiempo y una distribución geográfica típica. Desde el punto de vista clínico, la asociación de trombosis venosas con aneurismas arteriales, la afectación parenquimatosa cerebral inflamatoria, el patrón clásico de uveítis posterior con vasculitis retiniana, y la conocida tríada de úlceras bipolares y eritema nudoso son rasgos distintivos de esta entidad. A pesar de algunos avances en la patogenia del SB y del uso de los fármacos biológicos que han mejorado el pronóstico, algunos aspectos son todavía controvertidos como por ejemplo el papel que la prueba de la patergia o la determinación del HLA-B*51 tienen en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad o cuál es el valor real de la anticoagulación en los pacientes con SB y trombosis vascular.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Behçet
Vasculo-Behçet
HLA-B*51
Patergia
Anticoagulación
Agentes anti-TNF

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