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Medicina Clínica

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Medicina Clínica Úlceras orales
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Vol. 125. Núm. 15.
Páginas 0-600 (Octubre 2005)
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Vol. 125. Núm. 15.
Páginas 0-600 (Octubre 2005)

Úlceras orales

Oral ulcers
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30162
Antonio Bascones-Martíneza, Elena Figuero-Ruizb, Germán Carlos Esparza-Gómezc
a Departamento de Medicina Bucal y Periodoncia. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España.
b Odontología. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España.
c Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Bucofacial (Estomatología III). Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España.
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Las úlceras orales representan un proceso patológico frecuente de la cavidad bucal. En general, cursan con dolor como principal característica. Hay diferentes formas de clasificarlas, pero la más aceptada las divide en agudas, es decir, las de instauración brusca y corta duración, y crónicas, de instauración insidiosa y larga duración. Entre las principales úlceras orales de presentación aguda se encuentran las úlceras traumáticas, la estomatitis aftosa recurrente, las infecciones virales y bacterianas y la sialometaplasia necrosante. Dentro de los procesos que cursan con la aparición de úlceras orales crónicas se encuentran el liquen plano erosivo, el carcinoma oral de células escamosas, el penfigoide de las mucosas, el pénfigo vulgar y las úlceras orales asociadas con la ingesta de fármacos. La realización de un correcto diagnóstico diferencial es fundamental para poder establecer el protocolo terapéutico adecuado en cada caso.
Palabras clave:
Úlceras orales
Estomatitis aftosa
Gingivitis ulcerativa necrosante
Sialometaplasia necrosante
Liquen plano oral
Cáncer oral
Penfigoide mucoso
Pénfigo
Ulcers commonly occur in the oral cavity, their main symptom being pain. There are different ways to classify oral ulcers. The most widely accepted form divides them into acute ulcers ­sudden onset and short lasting­ and chronic ulcers ­insidious onset and long lasting­. Commonest acute oral ulcers include traumatic ulcer, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, viral and bacterial infections and necrotizing sialometaplasia. On the other hand, oral lichen planus, oral cancer, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus and drug-induced ulcers belong to the group of chronic oral ulcers. It is very important to make a proper differential diagnosis in order to establish the appropriate treatment for each pathology.
Keywords:
Oral ulcer
Aphthous stomatitis
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Necrotizing sialometaplasia
Oral lichen planus
Oral cancer
Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
Pemphigus

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