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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Spanish adults 1987–2012
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Vol. 148. Issue 6.
Pages 250-256 (March 2017)
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Vol. 148. Issue 6.
Pages 250-256 (March 2017)
Original article
Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Spanish adults 1987–2012
Prevalencia de obesidad y diabetes en adultos españoles, 1987–2012
Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortaria,b, Maira Bes-Rastrollob,c, Miguel Ruiz-Canelab,c, Alfredo Geab,c, Miguel Ángel Martinez-Gonzalezb,c,
Corresponding author
mamartinez@unav.es

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Medicina Interna (Endocrinología), Hospital Reina Sofía, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Tudela, Navarra, Spain
b Universidad de Navarra, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Prevalence (%) of overweight, obesity and morbid obesity and 95% confidence intervals in adults ≥16 years.
Table 2. Adjusted prevalence odds ratios of overweight, obesity and diabetes and adjusted prevalence ratio of morbid obesity, for each calendar year in adults ≥ 16 years of age and 95% confidence intervals.
Table 3. Prevalence (%) of diabetes and 95% confidence intervals in adults≥16 years of age.
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Background and objective

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased worldwide. Our objective was to examine trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, morbid obesity and DM in Spain from 1987 to 2012.

Participants and methods

Data were obtained from 8 waves of the national health surveys which are cross-sectional studies conducted in representative samples of the Spanish adult population. Self-reported data of 156,440 adults (≥16 years) from 1987 to 2012 were used. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Overweight was defined as a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9kg/m2, obesity as a BMI30kg/m2 and morbid obesity as a BMI40kg/m2. DM was considered present if the participant reported having been diagnosed. Age-adjusted prevalence was adjusted by the direct standardization method to the 2003 survey population.

Results

From 1987 to 2012 age-adjusted prevalence of overweight increased from 34.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 33.2–34.8) to 35.8% (95% CI 35.0–36.6), prevalence of obesity from 8.0% (95% CI 7.5–8.5) to 16.5% (95% CI 15.7–17.1%) and DM prevalence from 4.2% (95% CI 3.9–4.5) to 7.1% (95% CI 6.7–7.4%). Morbid obesity increased from 0.20% (95% CI 0.13–0.27) in 1993 to 0.88% (95% CI 0.70–1.05) in 2012. The growth rate was greater among males.

Conclusions

An increasing trend of the prevalence of overweight, obesity, morbid obesity and DM was found in Spain from 1987 to 2012, particularly in males.

Keywords:
National Health Survey
Spain
Morbid obesity
Diabetes
Epidemiology
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

La prevalencia de obesidad y diabetes mellitus (DM) ha aumentado a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la tendencia de la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad mórbida y DM en España entre 1987 y 2012.

Participantes y métodos

Se utilizaron 8 encuestas nacionales de salud, que son estudios transversales representativos de la población adulta española. Se incluyeron datos declarados de 156.440 adultos (≥16 años) desde 1987 a 2012. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se calculó a partir de los datos autorreferidos de peso y talla. Se definió sobrepeso como un IMC entre 25,0-29,9kg/m2, obesidad como IMC30kg/m2 y obesidad mórbida como IMC40kg/m2. Se consideró que un participante presentaba DM si refería haber sido diagnosticado. Se calculó la prevalencia ajustada por edad por el método directo de estandarización, usando como referencia la población de la encuesta de 2003.

Resultados

La prevalencia de sobrepeso ajustada por edad aumentó del 34,0% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 33,2-34,8) en 1987 al 35,8% (IC 95% 35,0-36,6) en 2012, la de obesidad, del 8,0% (IC 95% 7,5-8,5) al 16,5% (IC 95% 15,7-17,1) y la de DM, del 4,2% (IC 95% 3,9-4,5%) al 7,1% (IC 95% 6,7-7,4%). La obesidad mórbida aumentó del 0,20% (IC 95% 0,13-0,27) en 1993 al 0,88% (IC 95% 0,70-1,05) en 2012. El incremento fue mayor en varones.

Conclusiones

Se ha observado un aumento de la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad mórbida y DM en España entre 1987 y 2012, especialmente en varones.

Palabras clave:
Encuesta Nacional de Salud
España
Obesidad mórbida
Diabetes
Epidemiología

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