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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Effectiveness of a self-management programme in the treatment of antivitamin K o...
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Vol. 154. Issue 10.
Pages 388-393 (May 2020)
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Vol. 154. Issue 10.
Pages 388-393 (May 2020)
Original article
Effectiveness of a self-management programme in the treatment of antivitamin K oral anticoagulants. A feasibility study
Eficacia de un programa de autocontrol en el tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales antivitamina K. Estudio de factibilidad
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Alba Vall Vargasa,
Corresponding author
avall@althaia.cat

Corresponding author.
, Albert Altes Hernandeza, Anna Arnaub, Mireia Constans Cotsa, Albert Gallart Fernández-Pueblac, María Ángeles de Juan Pardoc
a Departamento de Hematología, Althaia-Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
b Departamento de Investigación e Innovación, Althaia-Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
c Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Grupo de Investigación Emergente en Educación en Salud UICBarcelona, 2017 SGR 141, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (3)
Table 1. Didactic guide of an educational intervention for OAC self-management.
Table 2. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the feasibility study «Intervention for OAC activation vs. conventional information during the visit».
Table 3. Primary and secondary dependent variables of the feasibility study «Intervention for OAC activation vs. conventional information during the visit».
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Abstract
Background and objectives

To compare the efficacy of a self-monitoring programme vs. the conventional method used before the intervention in maintaining the international normalised ratio in the therapeutic range in patients receiving oral anticoagulants, as well as complications, quality of life and the time invested in the tests.

Materials and methods

Pre-post pilot and feasibility study. The study included 15 patients over the age of 18 years who had been attending the monitoring programme for more than six months. In the pre phase, patients performed the tests and follow-up in the outpatient clinic. After conducting an individual training session with each patient to teach them how to perform venipuncture, use the coagulometer, manage dosing tables and subsequent follow-up from the virtual clinic, we compared the percentage of in-range INR tests, complications, quality of life, and the time invested in performing the tests pre- (conventional) and post-intervention (intervention for self-monitoring).

Results

The percentage of INR tests in the therapeutic range was significantly higher in the post-phase than in the pre-phase (65.6% vs 37.8%, p < .001). Likewise, the incidence of both minor and serious complications decreased in the post-phase (20% vs. 0%, and 6.7% vs. 0%, respectively). Finally, all five dimensions of the quality of life questionnaire improved significantly, while the time invested decreased.

Conclusion

In our experience, OAT self-monitoring is associated with a significant improvement in patient management, a reduction in the rate of complications, improved quality of life and timesaving.

Keywords:
Oral anticoagulation
Self-control
Self-management
Quality of life
Feasibility study
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de autocontrol en pacientes con tratamiento anticoagulante oral en el mantenimiento del nivel ratio internacional normalizado en rango terapéutico versus al método tradicional realizado antes de la intervención. Así como las complicaciones, la calidad de vida y el tiempo invertido en los controles

Pacientes y Métodos

Estudio piloto de factibilidad con medidas pre-post. Se incluyeron 15 pacientes mayores de 18 años que acudían al control desde hacía más de seis meses. En la fase pre, el paciente realizaba los controles y seguimiento desde la consulta hospitalaria. Tras realizar una intervención educativa individual al paciente para capacitarlo en la punción, el uso del coagulómetro, el manejo de las tablas de dosificación y el posterior seguimiento desde la consulta virtual, se comparó el porcentaje de controles de INR en rango, las complicaciones, la calidad de vida, y el tiempo invertido para realizar los controles pre (tradicional) y post intervención (autocontrol).

Resultados

El porcentaje de controles de INR en rango terapéutico en la fase post fue significativamente mayor que en la pre (65,6% vs 37,8% p < 0,001. Las complicaciones leves, como las complicaciones graves disminuyeron en la fase post (20% vs 0% y 6,7% vs 0%). Mejoraron significativamente las cinco dimensiones del cuestionario de calidad de vida y disminuyó el tiempo invertido.

Conclusiones

En nuestra experiencia el autocontrol TAO sugiere una mejora significativa en el control de pacientes, una disminución de las complicaciones, una mejora en la calidad de vida y un ahorro de tiempo.

Palabras clave:
Anticoagulación oral
Autocontrol
Automanejo
Calidad de vida
Estudio de factibilidad

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