Nutritional intake pattern of horticulture farmers in three ethnic populations in Indonesia and farmer susceptibility to chlorpyrifos insecticide

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to give a description of nutritional intake pattern of farmers and analyze the relationship of antioxidants vitamins intake with farmer susceptibility to chlorpyrifos insecticides.

Method

This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. There were 298 farmers, from three populations: Javanese, Sundanese, and Makassarese were participated as subjects. Data on nutrient intake, Body Mass Index, and Paraoxonase 1 activity were collected.

Results

The intake of macronutrients are different within the three ethnics. Magnesium and phosphor were micronutrients consumed by the majority of farmers among the three ethnic populations. Vitamin E, vitamin C, calcium, and zinc were the micronutrients which were the least consumed by farmers from all populations. The majority of farmers in the three ethnic community had low activity of PON1, and the highest prevalence was in the Sundanese group. There was no significant relationship was found between frequency of vitamin C and vitamin E consumption.

Conclusion

Majority of farmers have inadequate intake of antioxidant vitamins. There is no significant relationship between antioxidant vitamins intake and their susceptibility to chlorpyrifos.